Kwimeko yokunyanzelwa kwehlabathi ukuba kungabikho mpembelelo kwikhabhoni, ishishini leefriji zorhwebo liye labaluleka ngakumbi. Ngokwedatha evela kwi-International Energy Agency (IEA), izixhobo zefriji zithatha i-18% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ezixhobo zasekhaya kwihlabathi liphela. Njengoko ubunini behlabathi buqhubeka bukhula, kulindeleke ukuba zidlule iiyunithi ezili-1.5 leebhiliyoni ngo-2030, kunye nokunyuka okufanayo kwimfuno yamandla. Ukuba ayilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, oku kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi liphela. Ke ngoko, ukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kushishino lwezoqoqosho olubandayo, njengeefriji kunye neekhabhathi ze-ayisikhrim, kubalulekile ekufezekiseni iinjongo zokungabandakanywa kwekhabhoni.
Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezifana nee-compressors eziguquguqukayo kunye nolwelo olusebenzayo lwendalo (umz., i-CO₂ refrigeration), ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiifriji ezikumgangatho wokutya kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunokunciphisa, kwaye inkqubo yokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi liphela inokuxhaswa. Ukususela ekupholiseni kwangaphambili kweemveliso zezolimo kwiindawo zemveliso ukuya ekuthuthweni kwe-cold-chain kunye nokugcinwa kweefriji zevenkile enkulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lonke lokuphakelwa kokutya okutsha kuxhomekeke kwiifriji.
Kwikhonkco lokujikeleziswa kwemveliso yezolimo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcinwa kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko kukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso yezolimo. Umzekelo, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno ebolayo inokwandisa ixesha layo lokuphelelwa kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zonxibelelwano, inciphise inkunkuma ebolile. Oku akuncedi nje kuphela ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lokunikezelwa kwemveliso yezolimo kodwa kunceda ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwimveliso yezolimo (ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngenxa yokutyala kwakhona ngenxa yenkunkuma).
Okwangoku, uphuhliso lweshishini leekhabhinethi zefriji ezikumgangatho ophezulu luqhuba ukukhula ngokubambisana kumashishini asezantsi naphezulu, njengokwenziwa kwecompressor kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto zefriji. La mashishini akwafuna ubuchule bobuchwephesha kunye nokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, okwenza inkqubo yemizi-mveliso edibeneyo nenefuthe kumacala omabini.
Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kokutya, imfuno yabathengi yezithako zokutya ezisemgangathweni iyanda, nto leyo eqhuba ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwemfuno yefriji kumacandelo asekhaya nakwezorhwebo. Kwelinye icala, amakhaya afuna iifriji ezinkulu, ezinendawo yobushushu obuninzi, nezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi ukugcina izinto ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Kwelinye icala, amacandelo orhwebo afana neevenkile ezinkulu, iivenkile ezithengisa ukutya okulula, kunye neendawo zokutyela zifuna kakhulu iifriji, kwaye zifuna ukusebenza kakuhle kwefriji kunye nobukrelekrele.
Utshintsho kwimfuno yabathengi lukwakhokela iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziya kuluhlaza ngakumbi, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Xa kuqaliswa iimveliso zefriji ezikumgangatho ophezulu wokusetyenziswa kwamandla, abathengi bandisa ulwazi lwabo ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhetha, ngaloo ndlela beqhuba yonke imakethi yabathengi ukuba ihambelane neengcamango zokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni.
Ishishini lefriji yokusingqongileyo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye norhwebo. Phantsi kwemvelaphi yokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni, imigangatho yokusebenzisa amandla yamazwe kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo iphuculwa rhoqo, nto leyo engagcini nje ngokuzisa uxinzelelo lobuchule bobuchwephesha kunye nokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso kwishishini lefriji kodwa ikwadala namathuba amatsha emarike. Umzekelo, uhlengahlengiso lweleyibhile yokusebenzisa amandla ye-EU kunye nemigangatho emitsha yesizwe saseTshayina ikhuthaze amashishini ukuba andise utyalo-mali kuphando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokonga amandla, etyhala iimveliso ukuya kumanqanaba aphezulu okusebenzisa amandla.
I-NW iqaphela ukuba ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwekhonkco leekhabhinethi zemboni yezimboni zefriji kwihlabathi liphela, kunye noyilo lwepatenti kubuchwepheshe befriji obuphezulu, amashishini aphumelela ngokusebenzisa ubuchule betekhnoloji kunye nolwakhiwo lwekhonkco lokubonelela. Olu nxibelelwano kwimidlalo yezoqoqosho lwehlabathi luchaphazela indlela yophuhliso lwekhonkco leemveliso zesiselo esibandayo kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nepateni yorhwebo lwehlabathi, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekufezekiseni uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kwezoqoqosho phantsi kweenjongo zokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi liphela.
I. Ukuphuculwa Okuqhelekileyo Kokusetyenziswa Kakuhle Kwamandla: Injini Yoguquko Oluluhlaza Yeshishini Lefriji
Njengezixhobo ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi eziyimfuneko kwiimeko zasekhaya nezezorhwebo zehlabathi, inqanaba lokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwiifriji lichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi liphela. Impembelelo yokuguqulwa kweleyibhile yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ye-EU ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngo-2021, i-EU yalungisa amanqanaba okusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwiifriji ukusuka kwi-A+++ ukuya kwi-AG, ifuna amashishini ukuba achaze ngokutsha iziseko zokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla emveliso. Umzekelo, umgangatho omtsha we-A-grade unciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-30% xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho omdala, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-90% yeemveliso ezikhoyo kwimarike ezithotyelwe kwiigreyidi ze-B okanye ze-C. Olu tshintsho luye lwanyanzela amashishini ukuba akhawulezise ukuphindaphinda kwetekhnoloji. Umzekelo, iifriji zeHaier ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla azo ukuya kwigreyidi ye-A++ ngokusebenzisa ii-compressors eziguquguqukayo kunye netekhnoloji yokufriji ye-CO₂, zingene ngempumelelo kwimarike yaseYurophu.
Ngowama-2025, iTshayina iza kuphucula imigangatho yayo yokusebenzisa amandla efrijini ukuya kumanqanaba aphambili kumazwe ngamazwe, ifuna ukuphuculwa kwe-20% kwi-coefficient of performance (COP) kwiifriji zeyunithi eziziqokeleleyo. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uqhubele amashishini efrijini aseTshayina ukuba akhawulezise ukuveliswa kwezobuchwepheshe. Umzekelo, i-compressor ye-6th-generation variable frequency yeDongbei Group eyenze ngokuzimeleyo inexabiso le-COP eliyi-2.18, ukuphuculwa kwe-15% ngaphezu komndilili weshishini, kwaye ifumene imvume yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi eYurophu nase-United States.
II. Ukuphindaphinda kobuchwepheshe: Ukuphumelela kabini kwi-Variable Frequency kunye ne-Natural Working Fluids
Itekhnoloji ye-variable frequency compressor ibalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwiifriji nakwezinye izixhobo. Ii-compressor zemveli ezihlala ixesha elide zinokutshintshatshintsha okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ngelixa itekhnoloji ye-variable frequency inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwifriji ngama-30%-40% ngokulungelelanisa isantya semoto. Umzekelo, ii-NENWELL freezers zisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-DC variable frequency epheleleyo, zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwemihla ngemihla ukuya kwi-0.38 kWh, ukonga amandla ngama-50% xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso zemveli. Ngetekhnoloji "yokuthulisa i-exhaust silencer cavity eyahlukileyo", ingxolo ye-compressor incitshiswa ukuya kwi-38 decibels ngelixa iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
III. Imiqobo yoBugcisa kunye noKwakhiwa ngokutsha kweTyeya leShishini leHlabathi
Amazwe aphuhlileyo alawula ubuchwepheshe bokukhenkceza obukumgangatho ophezulu ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokubeka amalungelo obunikazi. I-Danfoss yaseDenmark inamalungelo obunikazi angaphezu kwama-2,000 kwicandelo le-compressor, egubungela ubuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana nolawulo lwefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo kunye noyilo lwenkqubo ye-CO₂. I-Bosch yaseJamani ilawula iinkqubo zemveliso yezinto zokukhusela ubushushu ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Ezi zithintelo zobuchwepheshe zenza kube nzima kumashishini aphuhlileyo ukuba angene kwiimarike eziphezulu. Umzekelo, ukungeniswa kwezinto zokugcina ubushushu kumazwe ase-Afrika kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zaseYurophu, ezixabiso liphindwe kabini kunezaseTshayina.
I-NENWELL, njengenkwenkwezi ekhulayo kwishishini lefriji, yakha ukhuphiswano ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe:
- I-Matrix yeMveliso: Igubungela uluhlu olupheleleyo lweefriji ezithe nkqo (50-500L) kunye neefriji ezithe nkqo (100-1000L). Iifriji ezithe nkqo zorhwebo zisebenzisa uyilo "lweendawo ezintathu zobushushu ezijikeleza kabini", okuvumela ukusebenza ngaxeshanye kwe--18°C yokubanda, ifriji ye-0-5°C, kunye ne-10-15°C yokugcina izinto ezintsha, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokugcina ezibekwe ngokweendawo zeevenkile ezinkulu, iimveliso ezintsha, kunye nezithako zokutya.
- Iteknoloji Engundoqo: Ixhotyiswe nge-"X-Tech variable frequency engine" eyenzelwe yona, esebenzisa ii-algorithms zokulawula i-vector kunye nezixhobo zemagnethi ezihlala ixesha elide, kunye ne-coefficient of performance (COP) efikelela kwi-3.0, uphuculo lwe-25% ngaphezu komndilili weshishini. Ihambelana neenkqubo zefriji ze-CO₂ transcritical, kunye nethuba lokufudumala kwehlabathi (GWP) eli-1 kuphela.
- Ukusebenza kweMarike: Ngowama-2024, iifriji ze-NENWELL zazinesabelo semarike se-12% kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, kunye nokukhula kwe-38% unyaka nonyaka kwimarike yaseYurophu. Phakathi kwazo, iifriji ezithe tyaba ze-500L ezineenkqubo zokulawula ubushushu ezikrelekrele zazinesabelo esingaphezulu kwe-7% kwimarike yesitishi sokutya saseJamani, zaba lishishini lokuqala laseTshayina eliphumayo ukungena kwiimveliso ezili-10 eziphezulu zefriji zaseYurophu kwintengiso.
Iqela leDongbei lityale imali eyi-30 yezigidi zeeyuan kwi-R&D yee-compressor zobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu, zaphumelela ukudlula kwi--86°C iteknoloji yokukhenkceza ukuze zithathe indawo yeemveliso ezingenisiweyo. Ii-Haier freezers ziseke iziseko zemveliso eYiputa, eTurkey, nakwezinye iindawo ngesicwangciso se-"trinity" globalization, zifezekisa uphando kunye nophuhliso lwasekhaya kunye nokuvelisa ukuze kuthintelwe imiqobo yorhwebo. Ngo-2024, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwee-freezer eTshayina ufikelele kwi-24.112 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukunyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-24.3%, okubangela i-55% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi.
IV. Imidlalo yoQoqosho lweHlabathi: Ixabiso eliCwangcisiweyo leeFriji eziLuhlaza
Imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo kunye nemigangatho yobugcisa ziye zaba ziindawo ezintsha zokulwa ukhuphiswano olukhulu lwamandla. UMthetho woKuncitshiswa kweNgqesho wase-US ubonelela ngetyala lerhafu le-30% kwimveliso yefriji yasekhaya, ngelixa i-EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) ifuna ukuba iifriji ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe zibhengeze umjikelo wazo opheleleyo weenyawo zekhabhoni. Amanye amashishini asabela ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokubonelela eziluhlaza, njengokusebenzisa intsimbi eluhlaza (intsimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi) kunye neeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukunciphisa iinyawo zekhabhoni yemveliso ngama-40% kunye nokuphumelela ukuqinisekiswa kwethagethi yekhabhoni yesayensi ye-SBTi.
Ukuthunyelwa kweteknoloji kwamanye amazwe kunye nokubekwa kwemigangatho zizicwangciso zexesha elide zamashishini ehlabathi. I-Dongbei Group ifake izicelo zeepatenti ezifana "nezithinteli zokungenisa umoya ezivakalayo" eYurophu nase-United States kwaye ithathe inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Umgangatho weteknoloji ye-CO₂ yokukhenkceza okhokelwa ziifriji zaseHaier ubandakanyiwe kwiphepha elimhlophe le-International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR). La manyathelo awagcini nje ngokuphucula ilizwi lamashishini kodwa akwabonelela ngezisombululo zotshintsho oluluhlaza kushishino lwefriji lwehlabathi.
V. Iindlela Zekamva: Ukuhlanganiswa Kwetekhnoloji kunye Noqoqosho Olujikelezayo
Ukuhlanganiswa okunzulu kwetekhnoloji ekrelekrele kunye neekhabhathi eziqandisa ngokukhawuleza kuya kuyila kwakhona iipateni zoshishino. Iisensa ze-IoT zinokujonga ukusetyenziswa kwamandla efriji ngexesha langempela, kwaye ii-algorithms ze-AI zinokuphucula imijikelo yokuqandisa, zinciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-10% eyongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, umsebenzi we-"intelligent temperature control" weefriji zeMidea ulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo amandla efriji ngokufunda imikhwa yabasebenzisi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwetekhnoloji kunye nokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwecandelo lezemizi-mveliso kwishishini leefriji ngokusisiseko kubonisa imbonakalo encinci yotshintsho loqoqosho lwehlabathi ukuya kuphuhliso oluluhlaza nolunekhabhoni ephantsi. Kwixesha elizayo, ukhuphiswano kwishishini leefriji luya kugxila kubuchule betekhnoloji, ukubekwa okusemgangathweni, kunye noqoqosho olujikelezayo, olungaphelelanga nje ekusindeni kweshishini kodwa kunye nokufezekiswa kweenjongo zokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi liphela. Iifriji, izixhobo zasekhaya ezibonakala ziqhelekileyo, ziba ziindawo ezintsha zemfazwe kwimidlalo yezoqoqosho yehlabathi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Epreli-23-2025 Imbono: