Ust phambi kukaJuni ka-2025, isibhengezo esivela kwiSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US sithumele umothuko kushishino lwezixhobo zasekhaya zehlabathi. Ukususela ngoJuni 23, iindidi ezisibhozo zentsimbi - ezenziwe ngezixhobo zasekhaya, kubandakanywa iifriji ezidibeneyo, oomatshini bokuhlamba, iifriji, njl. Oku akusiyo intshukumo yodwa kodwa ukuqhubeka kunye nokwandiswa komgaqo-nkqubo wokuthintela urhwebo lwentsimbi yase-US. Ukususela kwisibhengezo esithi "UkuPhunyezwa kweeNtlawulo zeNtsimbi" ngo-Matshi 2025, kwinkcazo yoluntu malunga "nenkqubo yokufakwa" ngoMeyi, kwaye emva koko ukwandiswa kobubanzi berhafu ukusuka kwiindawo zentsimbi ukuya kumatshini ogqityiweyo ngeli xesha, i-US yakha "umqobo wentlawulo" yentsimbi ethunyelwa ngaphandle - eyenziwe izixhobo zasekhaya ngokusebenzisa uluhlu oluqhubekayo lwemigaqo-nkqubo.
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Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba lo mgaqo-nkqubo uyahlula ngokucacileyo imigaqo yerhafu "yeentsimbi zentsimbi" kunye "nezixhobo ezingezizo". Amacandelo esinyithi aphantsi kwe-50% yerhafu yeCandelo 232 kodwa axolelwe "kuluhlu lweerhafu ezihambelanayo". Amacandelo angenawo - intsimbi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufuneka ahlawule "intlawulo yokubuyisela" (kubandakanywa ne-10% yentlawulo esisiseko, i-20% ye-fentanyl - intlawulo ehambelanayo, njl.) kodwa azikho phantsi kweCandelo le-232. Olu "nyango olwahlukileyo" luchaphazela iimveliso zesixhobo sasekhaya ezinemixholo yentsimbi eyahlukeneyo kwiingcinezelo ezahlukeneyo zeendleko.
I. Umbono kwiDatha yoRhwebo: Ukubaluleka kweMarike yase-US yeZixhobo zaseKhaya zaseTshayina
Njengombindi wehlabathi wokwenziwa kwezixhobo zasekhaya, i-China ithumela ngaphandle umthamo omkhulu weemveliso ezibandakanyekayo e-US. Idatha esuka ku-2024 ibonisa ukuba:
Ixabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kweefriji kunye neefriji (kubandakanywa neenxalenye) kwi-US yafikelela kwi-3.16 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, ngonyaka-ngonyaka wokunyuka kwe-20.6%. I-US ithathe i-17.3% yomthamo uwonke wokuthumela ngaphandle kolu didi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona marike inkulu.
Ixabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kwee-oveni zombane e-US yayiyi-1.58 yebhiliyoni yeedola zaseMelika, ithatha i-19.3% yomthamo othunyelwa ngaphandle, kwaye umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle unyuke nge-18.3% ngonyaka - ngonyaka.
Umlahli wenkunkuma ekhitshini uxhomekeke ngakumbi kwimarike yase-US, kunye ne-48.8% yexabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle eliya e-US, kunye nomthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ubalelwa kwi-70.8% yetotali yehlabathi.
Ukujonga umkhwa osuka ku-2019 ukuya ku-2024, ngaphandle kwee-oveni zombane, amaxabiso okuthumela kwamanye amazwe amanye amacandelo abandakanyekayo e-US abonise ukuguquguquka okunyukayo, okubonisa ngokupheleleyo ukubaluleka kwemarike yaseMelika kumashishini ezixhobo zekhaya zaseTshayina.
II. Zibalwa njani iindleko? Isiqulatho seNsimbi simisela ukuNyuswa koMrhumo
Impembelelo yokuhlenga-hlengiswa kweerhafu kumashishini ekugqibeleni ibonakaliswa kucwangciso-mali. Thatha ifriji yaseTshayina eyenziwe ngexabiso le-100 yeedola zaseMelika njengomzekelo:
Ukuba i-akhawunti yensimbi ye-30% (oko kukuthi, i-30 yeedola zase-US), kunye ne-non-steel part yi-70 US dollar;
Ngaphambi kohlengahlengiso, intlawulo yayiyi-55% (kubandakanywa "irhafu ehambelanayo", "i-fentanyl - intlawulo ehambelanayo", "iCandelo le-301 yeerhafu");
Emva kohlengahlengiso, icandelo lensimbi lifuna ukuthwala intlawulo eyongezelelweyo ye-50% yeCandelo le-232, kwaye ixabiso lilonke liyenyuka ukuya kuma-67%, linyusa ixabiso ngeyunithi malunga ne-12 yeedola zase-US.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuphakama kwentsimbi yemveliso, impembelelo enkulu. Ukukhanya-umsebenzi wezixhobo zasekhaya kunye nomxholo wentsimbi malunga ne-15%, ukunyuswa kweentlawulo kuncinci. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimveliso ezinomxholo ophezulu wetsimbi ezifana neefriji kunye neefreyimu zetsimbi ezidibeneyo, uxinzelelo lweendleko luya kunyuka kakhulu.
III. Intshukumo yeChain kuShishino lweShishini: Ukusuka kwiXabiso ukuya kuLwakhiwo
Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu wase-US udala iintshukumo ezininzi:
Kwimakethi yasekhaya yase-US, ukonyuka kweendleko zezixhobo zasekhaya ezithengwa kumazwe angaphandle kuya kutyhala ngokuthe ngqo amaxabiso okuthengisa, anokuthi acinezele imfuno yabathengi.
Kumashishini aseTshayina, kungekuphela nje ukuba inzuzo yokuthumela ngaphandle iya kunyanzeliswa, kodwa kufuneka ijongane noxinzelelo oluvela kubakhuphisana abafana neMexico. Isabelo sezixhobo zekhaya ezifanayo ezithengwe kumazwe angaphandle yi-US zisuka eMexico ekuqaleni besiphezulu kuneso sivela e-China, kwaye umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu unempembelelo efanayo kumashishini asuka kuwo omabini la mazwe.
Kwikhonkco lemizi-mveliso yehlabathi, ukuqina kwemiqobo yorhwebo kunokunyanzela amashishini ukuba ahlengahlengise ubume bomthamo wemveliso. Umzekelo, ukuseta iifektri ezijikeleze uMntla Melika ukunqanda amaxabiso kuya konyusa ubunzima kunye neendleko zekhonkco lokubonelela.
VI. Impendulo yoShishino: Indlela esuka kuVavanyo ukuya kwisenzo
Ukujongana notshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo, amashishini ezixhobo zasekhaya zaseTshayina angaphendula kwimiba emithathu:
Iindleko Re-ubunjineli: Ukwandisa umlinganiselo wentsimbi esetyenziswe kwiimveliso, uhlolisise ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezilula, kunye nokunciphisa umlinganiselo wezixhobo zetsimbi ukunciphisa impembelelo yeentlawulo.
Ukwahluka kweMarike: Phuhlisa iimarike ezikhulayo ezifana ne-Southeast Asia kunye noMbindi Mpuma ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimarike yase-US.
Unxulumano loMgaqo-nkqubo: Ukubeka iliso kuphuhliso olulandelayo lwe-US "inkqubo yokubandakanywa", ebonisa iimfuno ngokusebenzisa imibutho yoshishino (efana neSebe leZixhobo zaseKhaya le-China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products), kwaye sizame ukucuthwa kwamaxabiso ngokusebenzisa amajelo athobelayo.
Njengabadlali abaphambili kushishino lwezixhobo zasekhaya zehlabathi, iimpendulo zamashishini aseTshayina azikhathaleli nje kuphela ukusinda kwawo kodwa ziya kuchaphazela ulwakhiwo ngokutsha lwetsheyini yorhwebo lwezixhobo zasekhaya zehlabathi. Kumxholo wokuqhelanisa ukungqubana kwezorhwebo, uhlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo amaqhinga kunye nokomeleza ubutsha betekhnoloji kunokuba ngundoqo ekuhambeni ukungaqiniseki.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-04-2025 Iimbono: