Kwinkqubo yezixhobo zorhwebo zefriji, ii-condenseryenye yezinto eziphambili zefriji, ukugqiba ukusebenza kakuhle kwefriji kunye nokuzinza kwezixhobo. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko yifriji, kwaye umgaqo umi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: uguqula ubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lomphunga wefriji okhutshwe yi-compressor kwiqondo eliphakathi kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lolwelo ngokutshintshiselana kobushushu, ukubeka isiseko sokufunxana kobushushu kunye ne-vaporization yefriji ukufezekisa kwi-evaporator epholileyo kunye ne-evaporator. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-condensers ziqukai-fin-tube condenser, i-wire-tube condenser, kunye ne-tube-sheet condenser.
Kwiivenkile ezinkulu eYurophu naseMelika, umphumo wefriji, inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nobomi benkonzo yazo zonke izixhobo zefriji, ukusuka kwiikhabhinethi ezipholileyo kunye neefriji ukuya kwisitoreji esikhulu esibandayo, zihambelana ngqo nokusebenza kwee-condensers. Nje ukuba iingxaki ezinje ngokungonelanga kokutshabalalisa ubushushu, ukukala, okanye ukuvaleka kwi-condensers, akuyi kukhokelela kuphela ekunciphiseni umthamo wefriji yesixhobo kunye nokuguquguquka kwamaqondo obushushu ngaphakathi kwiikhabhathi, okuchaphazela umgangatho wokugcinwa kokutsha kokutya, kodwa ukwanyusa umthwalo wokusebenza kwecompressor, ukonyusa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye nokuba mfutshane ubomi benkonzo bubonke besixhobo.
Iicondensers zinoluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zesicelo kwaye zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizixhobo eziphambili zefriji ezifanaiikhabhathi zetafile, iikhabhathi ze-ayisikrimu, iikhabhathi zomkhenkce, isiselo esithe nkqo, iikhabhathi zokubonisa efrijini kwiivenkile ezinkulu, iikhabhathi zekeyiki, iikhabhathi zebhiya, kunye neefriji zasekhaya,idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcinweni kokutsha kunye nesikhenkcisi.
1. I-Fin-Tube Condensers: UKhetho oluPhambili lokuNciphisa ubushushu obusebenzayo
Ii-fin-tube condenseryenye yezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ze-condensers. Isakhiwo sayo esisisiseko sinemibhobho yobhedu (okanye iibhubhu ze-aluminium) kunye neentsimbi zetsimbi. Ngokudibanisa amaphiko ashinyeneyo kumphezulu wangaphandle weetyhubhu zetsimbi ezigudileyo, indawo yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu yanda kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshintshana kobushushu kuphuculwe.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zesakhiwo, i-fin material ininzi i-aluminium, kwaye ezinye izixhobo eziphezulu zisebenzisa amaphiko obhedu. I-aluminium fins ibe yeyona nto iphambili ngenxa yeenzuzo zabo zexabiso eliphantsi kunye nobunzima obulula. Iindlela zokudibanisa phakathi kwamaphiko kunye neetyhubhu zobhedu ziquka indlela yokucinezela i-fin, indlela yokusonga, kunyeindlela yokugqiba. Phakathi kwabo, indlela yokugqiba i-fin-rolling isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwisixhobo sokukhenkceza esiphakathi kunye nesiphezulu kwi-high-end kuba iifins zidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo kunye neetyhubhu zobhedu, okukhokelela ekuxhathiseni okuphantsi kwe-thermal kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokushisa ubushushu.
Ukongezelela, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zofakelo lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zefriji, i-fin-tube condensers ingaphinda ihlulwe ibe yintlobo ezipholileyo zomoya kunye namanzi. Uhlobo lwe-air-cooled aludingi inkqubo eyongezelelweyo yokujikeleza kwamanzi kwaye iguquguqukayo ukuyifaka, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiikhabhinethi zefriji ye-supermarket, iifriji ezincinci, njl njl. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zefriji ephakathi kwiivenkile ezinkulu okanye izixhobo zefriji eziphezulu.
Ngokweemeko zesicelo kunye nokugcinwa, ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kokutshabalalisa ubushushu kunye neendlela zokufakela eziguquguqukayo, i-fin-tube condensers isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwivenkile enkulu evulekileyo yeekhabhathi ezifrijiweyo, iifriji ezithe nkqo, ukugcinwa okubandayo okudityanisiweyo, kunye nezinye izixhobo.
Ngethuba lokugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla, kuyimfuneko ukucoca rhoqo uthuli kunye ne-debris ebusweni bama-fins ukuthintela ukuvaleka kwee-fin gaps ekuchaphazeleni ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. Kwi-condensers epholileyo emoyeni, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukujonga imeko yokusebenza yemoto ye-fan ukuqinisekisa isantya esiqhelekileyo sabalandeli. Kwimibhobho epholileyo yamanzi, imibhobho kufuneka ihlambuluke rhoqo ukukhusela isikali ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshintshwa kobushushu, kwaye ngelo xesha, qaphela ukujonga nayiphi na ukuvuza kwi-interfaces yombhobho wamanzi.
2. I-Wire-Tube Condensers: Ukukhetha okuSebenzayo kunye neSakhiwo esiQinisekileyo
Iucingo-ityhubhu condenser, ekwaziwa ngokuba yiBondi tube condenser, inophawu lolwakhiwo lokucwangcisa iityhubhu ezininzi zobhedu ezicekethekileyo (ezidla ngokuba ziityhubhu zeBondi, okt, iityhubhu zentsimbi) ngokunxuseneyo kunye neengcingo zentsimbi ezijijekileyo kumphezulu ongaphandle wetyhubhu ukwenza inethiwekhi eshinyeneyo yokuchitha ubushushu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-condensers ye-fin-tube, isakhiwo sayo sidibene ngakumbi, indawo yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kwiyunithi nganye inkulu, kwaye ukudibanisa phakathi kweengcingo zetsimbi kunye neetyhubhu zobhedu ziqinile, zinokumelana nokungcangcazela okunamandla.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiinzuzo zokusebenza, nangona ukusebenza kwayo kokutshabalalisa ubushushu kungaphantsi kancinane kune-condensers ye-fin-tube, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esihlangeneyo kunye nomsebenzi omncinci wendawo, ifaneleke kakhulu ukufakelwa kwizixhobo zokukhenkcisa kwivenkile enkulu kunye nendawo encinci, njengezikhenkcisi ezincinci ezithe tye kunye neekhabhathi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi efrijini.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umphezulu we-wire-tube condenser ulula, okwenza kube lula ukuqokelela uthuli, kwaye ukucoca imihla ngemihla kulula. Ikwanayo nokumelana ne-corrosion eyomeleleyo kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, ilungele ngakumbi indawo efumileyo yeevenkile ezinkulu (ezifana nezixhobo zokukhenkceza kufutshane nommandla wemveliso yasemanzini kunye nommandla wemveliso entsha).
Ngokwemeko yesicelo, isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizixhobo zefriji zevenkile enkulu, ezinje ngeekhabhathi zokubonisa ezifakwe etafileni, iifriji ezincinci, kunye nezinye iikhabhathi zogcino zemveliso ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ukugcinwa, qaphela oku kulandelayo: sula rhoqo uthuli lomhlaba ngendwangu ethambileyo, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuchithwa rhoqo kunye nokucoca; ukuba isixhobo sikwindawo efumileyo ixesha elide, khangela ukuba kukho umhlwa phezu kombhobho wecondenser. Emva kokuba i-rust ifunyenwe, yilungise ngepeyinti echasene ne-rust ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukukhusela umhlwa ukuba usasazeke kwaye uchaphazele ukusebenza kokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu; ngelo xesha, ugweme izinto ezinzima ezingqubuzanayo kunye neengcingo zetsimbi kunye neetyhubhu zobhedu ze-condenser ukukhusela ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu.
3. I-Tube-Sheet Condensers: UKhetho oluthembekileyo lweeMpahla zaMandla aphezulu
Iumbhobho-sheet condenseryenziwe ngebhokisi yetyhubhu, i-tube sheet, iityhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu, kunye neqokobhe. Ubume bayo obuphambili kukulungisa iziphelo zombini zeetyhubhu zokutshintshiselana kobushushu (ngokuqhelekileyo iibhubhu zetsimbi ezingenamthungo okanye iityhubhu zetsimbi) kwiphepha letyhubhu ukwenza i-tube bundle. Ifriji ekwibhokisi yetyhubhu kunye nendawo yokupholisa (njengamanzi okanye umoya) kwiqokobhe itshintshiselana ngobushushu ngodonga lwetyhubhu. I-tube-sheet condenser inamandla aphezulu esakhiwo, i-high-pressure ephezulu kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kweetyhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu kunye neshidi ityhubhu isebenzisa i-welding okanye iinkqubo ezihlangeneyo zokwandisa, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutywinwa kwaye akuhambelani neengxaki zokuvuza.
Ngokubhekiselele kwisakhiwo kunye nokusebenza, inokwahlulwa ibe yigobolondo kunye ne-tube (i-water-cooled) kunye ne-air-cooled shell-and-tube iindidi. Kwiiqokobhe kunye netyhubhu ye-tube-sheet condenser, amanzi okupholisa agqithwa kwigobolondo, kwaye ifriji igeleza ngaphakathi kweetyhubhu zokutshintshiselana kobushushu, idlulisela ubushushu kumanzi okupholisa ngodonga lwetyhubhu. Inokusebenza kakuhle kokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kwaye inokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu, iyenza ifaneleke kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nomthwalo ophezulu wesixhobo sokukhenkceza kwiivenkile ezinkulu, njengokugcinwa kwengqele enkulu kunye neenkqubo zefriji ephakathi. Umoya opholileyo weqokobhe kunye ne-tube-sheet condenser ixhotyiswe ngefeni ngaphandle kweqokobhe, kwaye ubushushu buyathwalwa ngokuhamba komoya. Ayifuni inkqubo yokujikeleza kwamanzi kwaye ikulungele ukuyifaka, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kuphantsi kancinane kunohlobo lwegobolondo kunye ne-tube, ilungele iimeko ezineemfuno zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kodwa indawo encinci.
Ngeempawu zayo zamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kokutywinwa okuphezulu, i-tube-sheet condenser isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizixhobo zokukhenkcisa zevenkile enkulu, ezifana neshumi lamawaka eitoni ezibandayo zogcino, iiyunithi zefriji ephakathi, kunye nezikhenkcisi ezinobushushu obuphantsi zokugcina inyama kunye nokutya kwaselwandle.
Ngethuba lokugcinwa, kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo umgangatho wamanzi wamanzi okupholisa ukukhusela isikali kunye nokungcola ekufakeni ngaphakathi kweetyhubhu zokutshintshiselana kobushushu. Ukucoca imichiza okanye iindlela zokucoca ngoomatshini zingasetyenziselwa ukususa ukungcola ngaphakathi kweetyhubhu. Ngexesha elifanayo, khangela ukuba kukho ukuvuza kwikhonkco phakathi kweshidi ityhubhu kunye neetyhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu. Ukuba ukuvuza kufunyenwe, yilungise nge-welding okanye utshintshe iityhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kwi-sheet-cooled shell-and-tube-tube-sheet condensers, uhlambulule rhoqo uthuli ngaphandle kwegobolondo kwaye ukhangele imeko yokusebenza yefeni ukuqinisekisa ukuchithwa kobushushu obuqhelekileyo.
4. I-Tube-Sheet Evaporators: Izixhobo eziphambili kwi-Refrigeration End
Kwizixhobo ezininzi zefriji, i-tube-sheet evaporator yi-terminal component yokuphumeza ukupholisa kunye nefriji. Umsebenzi wayo uchasene nalowo wecondenser. Ufunxa ubukhulu becala ubushushu kwaye umphunga ubushushu obuphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwesikhenkcezisi ulwelo emva kokuthokoza kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwe-evaporator, ukufunxa ubushushu bemeko engqongileyo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ubushushu bendawo ekhenkcezayo okanye enomkhenkce. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kufana ne-tube-sheet condenser, equlethwe ishidi ityhubhu, iityhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu, kunye negobolondo, kodwa i-medium medium kunye nesalathiso sokudlulisa ukushisa sichasene.
Ngokumalunga nesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza, ngokwendlela yokuhamba kwefriji, inokwahlulwa ibe yintlobo yezikhukhula kunye nohlobo olomileyo. Kwi-evaporator ye-tube-sheet evaporator, igobolondo igcwele i-refrigerant liquid, kwaye iityhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu zintywiliselwa kwi-liquid, zitshintshe ubushushu kunye ne-cooled medium (njengomoya, amanzi) ngodonga lombhobho. Inotshintshiselwano oluphezulu lobushushu kwaye ifanelekile kwivenkile enkulu yokugcina ebandayo, i-chillers yamanzi, kunye nezinye izixhobo. Kwii-evaporator ye-tube sheet eyomileyo, i-refrigerant igeleza ngaphakathi kweetyhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu, kwaye i-cool medium igeleza ngaphakathi kwigobolondo. Inesakhiwo esilula kwaye kulula ukuyigcina, ilungele iikhabhathi ezincinci zesuphamakethi ezifakwe efrijini, iikhabhathi zokubonisa ezikhenkcezisiweyo, kunye nezinye izixhobo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwizinto eziphathekayo, ubhedu okanye insimbi engenasici isetyenziswa kakhulu. Iityhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu bobhedu zinokuhanjiswa kakuhle kwe-thermal, kwaye iityhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu zentsimbi engenastainless zinokumelana okuqinileyo nokumhlwa. Izinto ezifanelekileyo zinokukhethwa ngokweemeko zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiimeko zesicelo, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zefriji, ezifana neekhabhinethi ezivulekileyo ezivulekileyo, izikhenkcezisi ezithe nkqo, ukugcinwa okubandayo okudibeneyo, ukukhenkceza kwamanzi, njl.
Ngokumalunga nokugcinwa, khangela imeko yeqhwa ye-evaporator. Ukuba iqabaka inzima kakhulu, iya kuthintela ukutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwefriji. I-Defrosting kufuneka iqhutywe ngexesha elifanelekileyo (i-electric heat defrosting, i-gas defrosting eshushu, njl.
Kwimiphunga yeshiti letyhubhu ekhukulayo, lawula umyinge wokutshaja wefriji ukunqanda ukutyibilika kolwelo lwecompressor okubangelwa kukutshaja ngokugqithisileyo. Kwii-evaporators ezomileyo ze-tube sheet, khangela ukuba kukho ukuvaleka kwiityhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu. Ukuba kufunyenwe ukuvaleka, igesi ephezulu yoxinzelelo okanye iikhemikhali zokucoca iikhemikhali zingasetyenziselwa ukucoca. Musa ukujongela ukujonga ukusebenza kokutywinwa kwe-evaporator ukukhusela ukuvuza kwefriji ekuchaphazeni umphumo wefriji.
Kwizixhobo zefriji zorhwebo kwiivenkile ezinkulu, ii-condensers ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-evaporator zineempawu zazo ezikhethekileyo zesakhiwo kunye neemeko zesicelo. Kuyafuneka ukuba ukhethe ngokufanelekileyo iimodeli ezihambelanayo kunye nobukhulu ngokohlobo lwesixhobo, ubungakanani bendawo, umthwalo wefriji, kunye nemeko yokusetyenziswa, kwaye wenze umsebenzi olungileyo kugcino lwemihla ngemihla ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle nozinzileyo kwezixhobo zefriji, ukubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esithembekileyo sokugcinwa kokutsha kokutya, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-11-2025 Iimbono: