Kwinkqubo yezixhobo zokukhenkcisa zorhwebo,i-condenseryenye yezona zinto ziphambili zokukhenkcisa, nto leyo echaza ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhenkcisa kunye nokuzinza kwezixhobo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukukhenkcisa, kwaye umgaqo ngulo ulandelayo: iguqula umphunga wefriji obushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu okhutshwa yicompressor ube lulwelo oluphakathi noxinzelelo oluphezulu ngokutshintshiselana kobushushu, ibeka isiseko sokufunxwa kobushushu kunye nokufuma kwefriji kwi-evaporator ukuze kufezekiswe ukupholisa kunye nokukhenkcisa. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ze-condenser ziqukaii-condenser ze-fin-tube, ii-condenser ze-wire-tube, kunye nee-condenser ze-tube-sheet.
Kwiivenkile ezinkulu eYurophu naseMelika, isiphumo sefriji, inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nobomi benkonzo yazo zonke izixhobo zefriji, ukusuka kwiikhabhathi ezifrijiweyo kunye neefriji ukuya kwindawo yokugcina ebanda kakhulu, zinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza kwee-condenser. Xa iingxaki ezifana nokusebenza kakuhle kokusasaza ubushushu, umlinganiselo, okanye ukuvaleka kwenzeka kwii-condenser, aziyi kukhokelela kuphela ekunciphiseni amandla efriji yezixhobo kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu ngaphakathi kwiikhabhathi, okuchaphazela umgangatho wokugcinwa kokutya okutsha, kodwa kwanokunyusa umthwalo wokusebenza kwe-compressor, kwandise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye kwanokunciphisa ubomi benkonzo iyonke yezixhobo.
IiCondenser zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo eziphambili zokukhenkcisa ezifanaiifriji zetafile, iikhabhathi ze-ayisikhrim, izixhobo zomkhenkce, iikhabhathi zokubonisa iziselo ezibandayo ezibekwe ngokuthe nkqo kwiivenkile ezinkulu, iikhabhathi zekhekhe, iikhabhathi zebhiya, kunye neefriji zasekhaya,idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcinweni kokutya okutsha kunye nokugcinwa efrijini.
1. IiCondenser zeFin-Tube: Eyona ndlela iphambili yokususa ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo
Ii-condenser yetyhubhu yokugqibelayenye yezona ntlobo ze-condenser ezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ulwakhiwo lwayo oluphambili luqulathe iityhubhu zobhedu (okanye iityhubhu ze-aluminium) kunye neephiko zesinyithi. Ngokongeza iiphiko ezixineneyo kumphezulu ongaphandle weetyhubhu zesinyithi ezithambileyo, indawo yokusasaza ubushushu iyanda kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kotshintshiselwano lobushushu kuphuculwe.
Ngokuphathelele iimpawu zesakhiwo, izinto ze-fin ikakhulu yi-aluminium, kwaye ezinye izixhobo eziphezulu zisebenzisa ii-copper fin. Ii-aluminum fin ziye zaba zezona zixhaphakileyo ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo zexabiso eliphantsi kunye nobunzima obulula. Iindlela zokudibanisa phakathi kwee-fin kunye neetyhubhu zobhedu ziquka ikakhulu indlela yokucinezela i-fin, indlela yokusonga i-fin, kunyeindlela yokuqengqa amafinPhakathi kwazo, indlela yokuqengqa amafin isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokukhenkceza zevenkile enkulu neziphakathi kuba amafin adityaniswe kakhulu neetyhubhu zobhedu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kunganyangeki kakuhle kubushushu kwaye kusebenze kakuhle ekuchitheni ubushushu.
Ukongeza, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokufakelwa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhenkcisa, ii-condenser ze-fin-tube zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezipholisiweyo ngumoya kunye nezipholisiweyo ngamanzi. Uhlobo olupholisiweyo ngumoya alufuni nkqubo yokujikeleza amanzi eyongezelelweyo kwaye luyakwazi ukuyifaka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiikhabhathi ezikhenkcisiweyo zevenkile enkulu, ii-freezer ezincinci, njl. Uhlobo olupholisiweyo ngamanzi lusebenza kakuhle ekuchitheni ubushushu kodwa lufuna umgangatho ophezulu wamanzi kwaye lufuna inqaba yokupholisa exhasayo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokukhenkcisa eziphakathi zeevenkile ezinkulu okanye izixhobo zokukhenkcisa ezinomthwalo omninzi.
Ngokuphathelele iimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa kwazo, ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kokusasaza ubushushu kunye neendlela zokufakela eziguquguqukayo, ii-condenser ze-fin-tube zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiikhabhathi ezivulekileyo zevenkile ezinkulu, ii-freezers ezithe nkqo, indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo ezidibeneyo, kunye nezinye izixhobo.
Ngexesha lokugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla, kuyimfuneko ukucoca uthuli kunye nenkunkuma kumphezulu weempiko rhoqo ukuthintela ukuvaleka kwezithuba zeempiko ekuchaphazeleni ubushushu. Kwii-condenser ezipholiswe ngomoya, kuyimfuneko ukujonga imeko yokusebenza kwe-fan motor ukuqinisekisa isantya esiqhelekileyo sefeni. Kwii-condenser ezipholiswe ngamanzi, iipayipi kufuneka zicocwe rhoqo ukuthintela isikali ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kotshintshiselwano lobushushu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, qwalasela ukujonga nakuphi na ukuvuza kwiindawo zombhobho wamanzi.
2. IiCondenser zeWire-Tube: Ukhetho oluSebenzayo olunesakhiwo esincinci
Ii-condenser yetyhubhu yocingo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Bondi tube condenser, inophawu lolwakhiwo lokucwangcisa iityhubhu ezininzi zobhedu ezibhityileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo iityhubhu zeBondi, oko kukuthi, iityhubhu zentsimbi ezigayiweyo) ngaxeshanye zize zijikeleze iingcingo zentsimbi ezibhityileyo kumphezulu wangaphandle weetyhubhu zobhedu ukuze zenze inethiwekhi yokusasaza ubushushu obukhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-fin-tube condenser, isakhiwo sayo sincinci ngakumbi, indawo yokusasaza ubushushu ngeyunithi nganye inkulu, kwaye unxibelelwano phakathi kweengcingo zentsimbi kunye neetyhubhu zobhedu luqinile, lunokumelana okunamandla kokungcangcazela.
Ngokuphathelele iingenelo zokusebenza, nangona ukusebenza kwayo ekuchitheni ubushushu kuphantsi kancinci kunee-fin-tube condenser, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esincinci kunye nendawo encinci yokusebenza, ifanelekile kakhulu ukufakwa kwizixhobo zokukhenkceza esuphamakethi ezinesithuba esincinci, ezifana neefriji ezincinci ezithe tye kunye neekhabhathi ezikhenkcezisiweyo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umphezulu we-condenser ye-wire-tube uthambile, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingatyebi kakhulu kuthuli, kwaye ukucoca imihla ngemihla kulula. Ikwanokumelana nokugqwala okunamandla kwaye ihlala ixesha elide, ifanelekile ngakumbi kwindawo efumileyo yeevenkile ezinkulu (ezifana nezixhobo zokukhenkcisa kufutshane nendawo yemveliso yasemanzini kunye nendawo yemveliso entsha).
Ngokuphathelele iimeko zokusetyenziswa, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezincinci zokukhenkceza esuphamakethini, ezifana neekhabhathi zokubonisa ezifakwe efrijini zetafile, iifriji ezincinci, kunye nezinye iikhabhathi zokugcina imveliso entsha ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ukulungisa, qaphela oku kulandelayo: sula uthuli lomphezulu rhoqo ngelaphu elithambileyo, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuqhaqha nokucoca rhoqo; ukuba izixhobo zikwindawo efumileyo ixesha elide, jonga ukuba akukho mhlwa kumphezulu we-condenser. Nje ukuba umhlwa ufunyenwe, yilungise ngepeyinti yokulwa nomhlwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuthintela umhlwa ukuba ungasasazeki kwaye uchaphazele ukusebenza kokusasazwa kobushushu; kwangaxeshanye, thintela izinto eziqinileyo ezingqubana neengcingo zentsimbi kunye neetyhubhu zobhedu ze-condenser ukuthintela ukuguquka kwesakhiwo ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kokusasazwa kobushushu.
3. IiCondensers zeTube-Sheet: Ukhetho oluthembekileyo lweMibono enamandla aphezulu
Ii-condenser yeshiti yetyhubhuyenziwe ngebhokisi yetyhubhu, ishiti yetyhubhu, iityhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu, kunye neqokobhe. Ulwakhiwo lwayo oluphambili kukubopha zombini iziphelo zeetyhubhu ezininzi zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu (ngokuqhelekileyo iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo okanye iityhubhu zentsimbi engagqwaliyo) kwiphepha letyhubhu ukuze zenze inqwaba yetyhubhu. Ifriji ekwibhokisi yetyhubhu kunye nendawo yokupholisa (njengamanzi okanye umoya) kwiqokobhe zitshintshiselana ngobushushu ngodonga lwetyhubhu. I-condenser yeshiti yetyhubhu inamandla aphezulu olwakhiwo, ukumelana okuphezulu koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye unxibelelwano phakathi kweetyhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu kunye neshiti yetyhubhu lusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuwelda okanye zokwandisa ijoyinti, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutywina kwaye ayichaphazeleki ziingxaki zokuvuza.
Ngokwesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza, ingahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo zegobolondo kunye netyhubhu (epholiswe ngamanzi) kunye neentlobo zegobolondo kunye netyhubhu ezipholiswe ngomoya.i-condenser ye-tube-sheet yegobolondo kunye netyhubhu, amanzi okupholisa adlula kwiqokobhe, kwaye i-refrigerant ingena ngaphakathi kwimibhobho yokutshintshiselana nobushushu, idlulisela ubushushu emanzini okupholisa ngodonga lwetyhubhu. Isebenza kakuhle ekuchitheni ubushushu kwaye inokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu, okwenza ifaneleke kwizixhobo zokufriji ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu nezinomthwalo ophezulu kwiivenkile ezinkulu, njengeendawo zokugcina ubushushu ezinkulu kunye neenkqubo zokufriji eziphakathi. I-condenser ye-sheet ye-sheet ye-shell-and-tube epholileyo emoyeni ixhotyiswe ngefeni ngaphandle kweqokobhe, kwaye ubushushu buthwalwa ngokuhamba komoya. Ayifuni inkqubo yokujikeleza kwamanzi kwaye kulula ukuyifaka, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo ekuchitheni ubushushu kuphantsi kancinci kunohlobo lwe-shell-and-tube, ifanelekile kwiimeko ezineemfuno zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kodwa zinendawo encinci.
Ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokuvala, i-condenser ye-tube-sheet isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezinkulu zokukhenkceza esuphamakethi, ezifana nendawo yokugcina ubushushu obuziitoni ezilishumi lamawaka, iiyunithi zokukhenkceza eziphakathi, kunye neefriji ezishushu eziphantsi zokugcina inyama kunye nokutya kwaselwandle.
Ngexesha lokulungisa, kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo umgangatho wamanzi okupholisa ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba isikali kunye nokungcola kungangeni ngaphakathi kweetyhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu. Iindlela zokucoca ngamakhemikhali okanye zokucoca ngoomatshini zingasetyenziswa ukususa ukungcola ngaphakathi kweetyhubhu. Kwangaxeshanye, jonga ukuba kukho na ukuvuza okukhoyo kunxibelelwano phakathi kweshiti yetyhubhu kunye neetyhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu. Ukuba kufunyenwe ukuvuza, yilungise ngokuyidibanisa okanye uyitshintshe iityhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kwizikhondesi zetyhubhu ezipholisiweyo ngomoya, hlamba uthuli olungaphandle kwegobolondo rhoqo kwaye ujonge imeko yokusebenza kwefeni ukuqinisekisa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu okuqhelekileyo.
4. Ii-Tube-Sheet Evaporators: Izinto ezibalulekileyo kwiRefrigeration End
Kwizixhobo ezininzi zokukhenkcisa, i-tube-sheet evaporator yinxalenye yokugqibela yokufezekisa ukupholisa kunye nokukhenkcisa. Umsebenzi wayo uchasene nowe-condenser. Ifunxa ubushushu kwaye ikhuphe umphunga kwi-refrigerant liquid enobushushu obuphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi emva kokuthontsiza kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwi-evaporator, ifunxa ubushushu bendawo engqongileyo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ubushushu bendawo ekhenkcisiweyo okanye eqandisiweyo. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lufana nolwe-tube-sheet condenser, equka i-tube sheet, ii-heat exchange tubes, kunye ne-shell, kodwa i-medium esebenzayo kunye necala lokudluliselwa kobushushu zichasene.
Ngokwesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza, ngokwendlela yokuhamba kwe-refrigerant, ingahlulwahlulwa ibe yi-flood type kunye ne-dry type. Kwi-evaporator ye-tube-sheet ekhukuliswe ngamanzi, iqokobhe lizaliswa lulwelo lwe-refrigerant, kwaye iityhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu zintywiliselwa kulwelo, zitshintshiselana ngobushushu ne-cooled medium (njengomoya, amanzi) ngodonga lwetyhubhu. Isebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekutshintshiselaneni ngobushushu kwaye ifanelekile kwiindawo zokugcina ubushushu ezinkulu, ii-water colders, kunye nezinye izixhobo. Kwi-evaporator.i-evaporator yephepha letyhubhu elomileyo, i-refrigerant ingena ngaphakathi kweetyhubhu zokutshintshiselana nobushushu, kwaye i-medium epholileyo ingena ngaphakathi kweqokobhe. Inesakhiwo esilula kwaye kulula ukuyigcina, ifanelekile kwiikhabhathi ezincinci ezifrijiweyo zesupamakethi, iikhabhathi zokubonisa ezikhenkcezisiweyo, kunye nezinye izixhobo.
Ngokuphathelele izinto ezisetyenziswayo, ithusi okanye intsimbi engatyiwayo isetyenziswa kakhulu. Iityhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu zethusi zinomoya ofanelekileyo wokushisa, kwaye iityhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu zentsimbi engatyiwayo zinokumelana nokugqwala okukhulu. Izinto ezifanelekileyo zingakhethwa ngokweemeko zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
Ngokweemeko zokusetyenziswa, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhenkcisa, ezifana neekhabhathi ezivulekileyo ezikhenkcisiweyo, iifriji ezithe nkqo, indawo yokugcina ebandayo edibeneyo, iifriji zamanzi, njl.
Ngokuphathelele ukugcinwa, jonga imeko yokuqandisa kwe-evaporator. Ukuba iqabaka lilikhulu kakhulu, liya kuthintela ukutshintshiselana kobushushu kwaye linciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kwefriji. Ukuqandisa kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo (kungasetyenziswa ukuqandisa ubushushu ngombane, ukuqandisa ngegesi eshushu, njl. njl.).
Kwi-evaporators ze-tube-sheet ezigcwele amanzi, lawula ubungakanani bokutshaja kwe-refrigerant ukuze uphephe ukuxinana kolwelo lwe-compressor okubangelwa kukutshaja okugqithisileyo. Kwi-evaporators ze-tube-sheet ezomileyo, jonga ukuba akukho nakuphi na ukuvaleka kwi-heat exchange tubes. Ukuba kufunyenwe ukuvaleka, igesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye iikhemikhali zokucoca zingasetyenziselwa ukugrumba. Musa ukulibala ukujonga ukusebenza kokuvala kwe-evaporator ukuthintela ukuvuza kwe-refrigerant ekuchaphazeleni isiphumo se-friji.
Kwizixhobo zokukhenkcisa zorhwebo kwiivenkile ezinkulu, ii-condenser kunye nee-evaporator ezahlukeneyo zineempawu zazo ezizodwa zesakhiwo kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo iimodeli kunye nobukhulu obuhambelanayo ngokohlobo lwezixhobo, ubungakanani bendawo, umthwalo wokukhenkcisa, kunye nendawo yokusetyenziswa, kwaye wenze umsebenzi olungileyo kulondolozo lwemihla ngemihla ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokuzinzileyo kwezixhobo zokukhenkcisa, ukubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esithembekileyo sokugcina ubutsha bokutya, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Okthobha-11-2025 Imbono: