Iikhabhathi zokubonisa iziselo zorhwebo kwiivenkile ezinkulu zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela, amaxabiso ahluka kwiibrendi ezahlukeneyo kunye nomgangatho wezixhobo ongaguqukiyo kunye nokusebenza kokupholisa. Kwabathengisi beevenkile ezinkulu, ukukhetha iiyunithi zokukhenkceza ezingabizi kakhulu kusengumngeni. Ukujongana nale ngxaki, senze uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo kumazwe amane ahlukeneyo angenisa impahla, sinika izalathiso zeendleko zemarike ukunceda abasebenzisi benze ukhetho olufanelekileyo.
1. Okokuqala, isiphelo: xa kucingwa ngoomatshini abangenanto, iTshayina inika umlinganiselo ongcono kakhulu weendleko-ukusebenza; xa kucingwa ngexabiso lilonke, amanye amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia asebenzisa imali kakuhle.
Abathumeli abaninzi bagxila kuphela 'kwixabiso leyunithi yezixhobo,' kodwa ixabiso lokwenyani lokufika lilingana nexabiso lomatshini ongenanto kunye neerhafu, imithwalo, ukususwa kwempahla, kunye neentlawulo zokuthobela imithetho. Kukho umahluko omkhulu kwiingenelo kuwo onke amazwe. Nantsi itheyibhile yokuthelekisa ngokuthe ngqo (idatha yamva nje ka-2025):
| Ilizwe elingenisa impahla | Ixabiso leyunithi yomatshini ongenanto (imodeli yorhwebo eneminyango emibini) | inzuzo engundoqo | Iindleko/iingozi ezifihlakeleyo | Iimeko ezifanelekileyo |
| iTshayina | $159-200 ngeyunithi nganye (ixabiso leCIF) | 1. Ixabiso eliphantsi leyunithi ehlabathini ngekhonkco lokubonelela elivuthiweyo; 2. Uluhlu olubanzi lweemodeli ezisebenzisa amandla kakuhle ezinezibonelelo kwamanye amazwe; 3. Inkxaso yokwenza ngokwezifiso (ezifana nemicu yezibane ze-LED, iishelufu ezineeleya ezininzi) | 1. Iirhafu eziphezulu ziyasebenza kwiimarike zase-US nase-EU (malunga ne-12% kwiikhonteyina zesiselo zase-US kunye ne-8% kwi-EU); 2. Kufuneka isiqinisekiso esongezelelweyo se-CE/FDA (iindleko ziphakathi kwe-1,000 kunye ne-3,000 USD) | 1. Ilizwe ekujoliswe kulo alinazo iirhafu eziphezulu kwiTshayina; 2. Ukuthengwa ngobuninzi (≥ iiyunithi ezili-10) kunye nokwahlulwa kwemithwalo |
| Thayilendi | $208-250 / iyunithi (ixabiso le-CIF) | 1. Inzuzo kwisaphulelo serhafu ye-RCEP (kuquka irhafu ye-0% ye-ASEAN ngaphakathi kwimarike kunye nerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle ye-5% e-Australia); 2. Ukusondela kwiimarike zase-Southeast Asia/Australia ngexesha lokuthumela leentsuku ezi-3-7 kuphela | 1. Umatshini ongenanto ubiza ngaphezulu ngama-30% kuneTshayina; 2. Zimbalwa iimodeli eziphezulu onokukhetha kuzo | 1. Gxila kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia/eOstreliya; 2. Zama ukuphinda uzalise umhlaba ngokukhawuleza |
| Maleyishiya | $180-220 / iyunithi (ixabiso le-CIF) | 1. Imigangatho yokusebenzisa amandla ifanelekile kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu eMzantsi-mpuma Asia (ukonga i-20% yombane); 2. Isiqinisekiso sendawo silula (akukho vavanyo longezelelweyo lokusebenza kwamandla olufunekayo) | 1. Ubungakanani bokuvelisa kunye nomjikelo omde wokuhambisa (iintsuku ezingama-45-60); 2. Zimbalwa iindawo zokuthengisa ezingasetyenziswanga emva kokuthengisa | Iivenkile ezinkulu ezincinci eMalaysia nakwamanye amazwe angabamelwane (eSingapore, eIndonesia) |
| ElamaTaliyane | €1,680 / TWD (malunga ne-$1,800) | 1. Uyilo oluqinileyo (lufanelekile kwiivenkile ezinkulu ezikumgangatho ophezulu); 2. Ukuthobela imithetho ye-EU ngokwengingqi, akukho siqinisekiso songezelelweyo esifunekayo | 1. Ixabiso liphindwe ka-9 kunelaseTshayina; 2. Ixabiso lokuhamba kunye neerhafu ziphezulu kakhulu | Ivenkile enkulu yodidi oluphezulu, ivenkile ekumgangatho ophezulu (efuna uhlobo lomkhiqizo) |
2. Kutheni le nto umatshini ongenanto waseTshayina ubiza kancinci? Kodwa abanye abantu bakhetha ukukhetha iimveliso ezivela kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia?
1. "Ingqiqo yexabiso eliphantsi" yaseTshayina: impembelelo yekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nesikali
I-China yeyona mveliso inkulu kwihlabathi jikelele yezixhobo zokukhenkceza zorhwebo, kwaye iimpawu ezifana neHaier kunye neKingsBottle zithatha ngaphezulu kwe-30% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi. Inzuzo yeendleko ivela kumanqaku amabini:
- Ukuvuthwa kwekhonkco lokuhambisa izinto ezisemgangathweni: izinga lokufumana indawo yezinto eziphambili ezifana ne-compressor kunye ne-insulation layer yi-90%, kwaye iindleko zokuthenga ziphantsi ngama-25% kunezo zaseThailand;
- Iingenelo zomgaqo-nkqubo: Iikhabhathi zeziselo ezisebenzisa amandla aphantsi ezihlangabezana nemigangatho "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini" zifanelekile ukufumana inkxaso-mali yokuthumela ngaphandle eyi-15%-20% evela kurhulumente waseTshayina, kwaye ezi ngenelo zibonakala ngokuthe ngqo kwixabiso lomatshini ongenanto.
2. "Inzuzo Efihliweyo" yoMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia: Irhafu + Ukuhambelana nexesha
Umzekelo, thabatha iikhabhathi zesiselo ezili-10 ezingeniswe e-Indonesia ukuze ubale ixabiso lokwenyani:
- Ukungenisa eTshayina: umatshini ongenanto 159×10=1590 + irhafu 10%(159) + ukuthunyelwa (eShanghai-Jakarta 800) + ukuvunyelwa kwerhafu 200 = iyonke 2749;
- Ukungenisa eThailand: Umatshini ongenanto 208×10=2080 + umrhumo we-RCEP 0 (i-Indonesia lilungu le-ASEAN) + ukuthunyelwa (iBangkok-Jakarta 300) + ukuvunyelwa kwerhafu 150 = iyonke i-$2530;
Isiphumo: Ukungeniswa kweThailand kuphantsi nge-8% kuneTshayina, nto leyo engumlingo "wokunciphisa irhafu + ukuthuthwa kolwandle".
3. Ukuphepha Iingxaki Kwizinto Ezithengwa Ngaphandle: Amacebiso Amathathu Okonga Iindleko Abaluleke Kakhulu Kuno-'Ukukhetha Ilizwe'
1. Okokuqala jonga "imithetho yerhafu" yelizwe ekujoliswe kulo ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe amaxabiso aphantsi ngokungakhathaliyo
- Sebenzisa iikhowudi ze-HS (ikhowudi ye-HS yekhabhinethi yesiselo: 8418.61) ukujonga iirhafu: umzekelo, xa kungeniswa e-Australia, iimveliso zaseTshayina zihlawuliswa irhafu ye-5%, ngelixa iimveliso zaseThailand zikhululwa kwi-0 ngenxa ye-RCEP. Kule meko, ukukhetha iThailand kubiza kancinci.
- Ukuphepha "iimbopheleleko zokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma": I-US ibeke iimbopheleleko zokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25%) kwezinye izixhobo zokukhenkcisa ezivela eTshayina. Ukuba ujolise kwimarike yase-US, cinga "ngeendawo zaseTshayina + indibano yaseMexico" (unandipha iirhafu ze-0 phantsi kweSivumelwano sase-US-Mexico-Canada).
- Ukuthengwa ngobuninzi (≥ iiyunithi ezi-5): Khetha ukuthunyelwa ngolwandle kwiikhonteyina ezipheleleyo (iikhonteyina ezineenyawo ezingama-40 zinokuthwala iiyunithi ezingama-20, iindleko zokuthumela ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eYurophu ziqala kwi-2000-3000, umyinge we-100-150 kuphela ngeyunithi nganye emva kokwabiwa kweendleko).
- Ukuphinda kuzaliswe ngebhakethi encinci: Khetha ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL (Ngaphantsi komthwalo weContainer), ngamaxabiso asekelwe kumthamo (100-200 CNY/CBM), okubonelela ngokonga iindleko ezingama-80% xa kuthelekiswa nokuthunyelwa ngenqwelomoya.
- Qaphela intlawulo eyongezelelweyo: Ngexesha lexesha lexesha elixakekileyo (ngoJuni-Agasti), ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kusenokubiza i-10%-20% ye-PSS eyongezelelweyo (intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yexesha lexesha elixakekileyo). Kucetyiswa ukuba uthenge ngexesha elingelilo ixesha lexesha lexesha.
- Imakethi ye-EU: kufuneka ithobele imithetho yoYilo lweNdalo (ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla A+ okanye ngaphezulu), abavelisi baseTshayina kufuneka bachithe i-$2000 eyongezelelweyo ukuze bafumane isiqinisekiso, ngelixa abavelisi baseThailand/Malaysia beza nesiqinisekiso sendawo;
- Kwimarike yaseMelika, iimveliso kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla e-DOE kunye nesatifikethi sokuqhagamshelana nokutya se-FDA (2000-5000), ezi ndleko zibalwa kwibhajethi iyonke.
- Imakethi yaseMpuma-mpuma yeAsia: Amanye amazwe afuna 'iilebheli zelocalization' (umz., isiqinisekiso se-SNI sase-Indonesia). Ababoneleli kufuneka bazizalise ezi zinto kwangaphambili ukuze baphephe ukulibaziseka kwerhafu (imirhumo yokubamba iikhonteyina: 100-300 ngosuku).
2. Ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokuhamba kunokonga i-30% yeendleko
3. Musa ukuyityeshela "indleko yokuthobela imithetho", kungenjalo imveliso ingabuyiselwa
IV. Iingcebiso Ezisebenzayo: Ungakhetha njani kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo?
- Iivenkile ezinkulu ezincinci (umthamo wokuthenga ≤ iiyunithi ezi-5): beka phambili ukuthunyelwa kweekhonteyina ezenziwe eTshayina + ukuthutha kufutshane nelizwe ekuyiwa kulo (umz., ukuthutha ukuya eTshayina ukuya eMalaysia, ukonwabela amaxabiso e-RCEP), iindleko zizonke ziphantsi nge-15% kunokuthunyelwa ngqo;
- Iivenkile ezinkulu zekhonkco (ubungakanani bokuthenga obuyi-≥20 iiyunithi): Nxibelelana ngqo neefektri zaseTshayina ukuze wenze ngokwezifiso (ezifana nokongeza iiLOGO zophawu, ukulungisa ubude beshelufu), ngesaphulelo esongezelelweyo se-10% kumaxabiso amakhulu, ngelixa uvala amaxabiso okuthumela kwiikhonteyina ezipheleleyo;
- Iivenkile ezinkulu ezikumgangatho ophezulu (ukulandela umgangatho): Khetha "iinxalenye eziphambili zaseTshayina + indibano yaseYurophu" (ezifana ne-compressor yaseTshayina + indibano yaseJamani), ezithintela iirhafu eziphezulu kwaye zinokuba nelebheli ethi "Yenziwe eYurophu".
'Ukufikeleleka' kweekhabhathi zeziselo ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe akuxhomekekanga kwixabiso loomatshini abangenanto kuphela, kodwa kukudibanisa okufanelekileyo 'koomatshini abangenanto + iirhafu + uthutho + ukuthobela imithetho'.
- Ukuba ilizwe ekujoliswe kulo alinazo iirhafu eziphezulu kwiTshayina: khetha iTshayina (ukumkani wendlela esebenza ngayo iindleko);
- Kwiimarike ezilawulwa ngamalungu e-RCEP, beka phambili iThailand neMalaysia ngenxa yerhafu yazo kunye nexesha lokuhambisa.
- Ukuze ufumane inkangeleko ephezulu, khetha indibano yaseYurophu (nangona uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali luya kuphindaphindwa kabini).
Kucetyiswa ukuba uchithe iintsuku ezi-1-2 uphanda iirhafu kunye neemfuno zesatifikethi zelizwe ekujoliswe kulo kuqala. Emva koko, nxibelelana nababoneleli abathathu ubuncinane ukuze ufumane 'ixabiso elipheleleyo lephakheji' (kubandakanya umatshini ongenanto, ukuthunyelwa, ukususwa kwerhafu, kunye nesatifikethi). Thelekisa iikowuteshini ngaphambi kokuba ufake iodolo yakho—emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iivenkile ezinkulu zisebenza ngexabiso elincinci, kwaye yonke ipeni ibalulekile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Novemba-07-2025 Imbono: