He aha nā hydrocarbons (HCs)

ʻO nā hydrocarbons he mau hui organik i hana ʻia me ʻelua ʻano ʻātoma wale nō - kalapona a me hydrogen. Loaʻa maoli nā hydrocarbons a hana i ke kumu o ka ʻaila maka, ke kinoea kūlohelohe, ka lanahu, a me nā kumu ikehu koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe. He mea hiki ke puhi ʻia lākou a hana i ke kalapona ʻokikene, ka wai, a me ka wela ke puhi ʻia. No laila, he mea kūpono loa nā hydrocarbons ma ke ʻano he kumu wahie. ʻO ka maʻamau, he mau kinoea kala ʻole nā ​​hydrocarbons me nā ʻala nāwaliwali loa.

 

He aha nā ʻano ʻehā o nā hydrocarbons?

Hiki i nā hydrocarbons ke loaʻa nā ʻano maʻalahi a paʻakikī paha a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻehā mau mahele, ʻo ia hoʻi nā alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, a me nā hydrocarbons ʻala.

He aha nā hoʻohana o nā hydrocarbons?

• Hoʻohana ʻia nā hydrocarbons e like me ka propane a me ka butane no nā kumu wahie kalepa ma ke ʻano o ke Kinoea ʻaila Liquefied (LPG). ʻO Benzene, kekahi o nā hydrocarbons ʻala maʻalahi loa, lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea maka no ka synthesis o nā lāʻau lapaʻau synthetic he nui.
• Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea ma ke ʻano he kumu wahie hiki ke ʻā, e like me: ʻO ka Methane kahi ʻāpana o ke kinoea kūlohelohe.
• ʻO ka gasoline, ka wahie jet a me ka naphtha he mau hydrocarbons aliphatic i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole.
• ʻO nā hui hoʻopili hale ʻo ka bitumen a i ʻole ka haku mele pavement a me nā mea hoʻomalu lāʻau he mau ʻano hydrocarbons like ʻole.
• ʻO kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he mau wahie nui ʻole e like me ka ethane a me ka propane ua loaʻa mai ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea kūlohelohe. Hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia kēia mau kinoea ʻelua i ethylene a me propylene.
• Ua ʻike ʻia nā hydrocarbons kūikawā e like me ka hui ʻana o ka benzene, toluene a me nā xylene isomers a kiʻekiʻe loa kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana.
• Loaʻa nā hydrocarbons kūlohelohe i loko o nā pi Palakila ʻino ʻole e waiho ana i nā ʻala hydrocarbon kū hoʻokahi a kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻohana mai nā ʻohana ʻole.

 

He aha nā mea hoʻomaʻalili hydrocarbon?

 ʻO nā refrigerants hydrocarbon ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo 'nā refrigerants kūlohelohe.' ʻAʻole lākou he mea ʻawahia, ʻaʻole e hoʻopau i ka O-zone, a he haʻahaʻa loa ka hiki ke hoʻomehana honua. Ma luna o kēlā mau mea a pau, ʻo ia kekahi o nā refrigerants mālama pono i ka ikehu ma ka honua i kēia lā.

 Ke pau nei ka manawa no nā refrigerants kinoea fluorinated a e hoʻopau ʻia lākou a pau ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana. E pani nā refrigerants hydrocarbon i ko lākou wahi. Ua kaulana loa nā hydrocarbons ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia a ua ʻike nui ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia ana i nā noi pahu hau. E like me ka mea maʻamau, ke emi nei ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma hope o ke koena o ka honua i ka wā e pili ana i nā refrigerants ʻē aʻe ... akā e hāʻawi mai iā mākou i ka manawa a e hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻike i nā hydrocarbons e ʻike nui ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

 Eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka hydrocarbon coolant:

 R-290(Propana)

 R-600a(ʻIsobutane)

 R-1150(ʻEtena/ʻEtilena)

 R-1270(Propene/Propylene)

 R-170(ʻEtana)

 Nā hui like ʻole a me nā hui ʻana o nā huahana i luna.