Kodi ma hydrocarbon (HCs) ndi chiyani?

Ma hydrocarbon ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri yokha ya maatomu - kaboni ndi haidrojeni. Ma hydrocarbon amapezeka mwachilengedwe ndipo amapanga maziko a mafuta osakonzedwa, mpweya wachilengedwe, malasha, ndi magwero ena ofunikira a mphamvu. Amayaka kwambiri ndipo amapanga carbon dioxide, madzi, ndi kutentha akamayaka. Motero, ma hydrocarbon ndi othandiza kwambiri ngati gwero la mafuta. Kawirikawiri, ma hydrocarbon ndi mpweya wopanda mtundu womwe uli ndi fungo lofooka kwambiri.

 

Kodi mitundu inayi ya ma hydrocarbon ndi iti?

Ma hydrocarbon amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zosavuta kapena zovuta ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi, omwe ndi alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, ndi aromatic hydrocarbons.

Kodi ma hydrocarbons amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

• Ma hydrocarbon monga propane ndi butane amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta monga Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). Benzene, imodzi mwa ma hydrocarbon osavuta kwambiri onunkhira, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira zopangira mankhwala ambiri opangidwa.
• Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la mafuta oyaka, mwachitsanzo: Methane yomwe ndi gawo la gasi wachilengedwe.
• Mafuta, mafuta a jet ndi naphtha ndi ma aliphatic hydrocarbons omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
• Zinthu zopangira denga monga bitumen kapena panjira komanso zinthu zotetezera matabwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma hydrocarbon.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ngati zinthu zopanda mafuta monga ethane ndi propane kumachokera ku mafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe. Mpweya iwiriyi imatha kusinthidwa kukhala ethylene ndi propylene.
• Ma hydrocarbon apadera monga chisakanizo cha benzene, toluene ndi xylene isomers amadziwika ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
• Ma hydrocarbon omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe amapezeka mu njuchi za ku Brazil zopanda zilonda zomwe zimasiya fungo lapadera la hydrocarbon ndipo zimathandiza kudziwa abale ndi alongo omwe si abale.

 

Kodi ma hydrocarbon refrigerants ndi chiyani?

 Mafiriji a Hydrocarbon ndi omwe amadziwika kuti 'mafiriji achilengedwe.' Sali ndi poizoni, sawononga O-zone, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yochepa kwambiri ya kutentha kwa dziko. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi amodzi mwa mafiriji omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano.

 Nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito mafiriji a mpweya wopangidwa ndi fluorine ikutha ndipo onse adzachotsedwa padziko lonse lapansi m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi. Mafiriji a hydrocarbon adzalowa m'malo mwake. Ma hydrocarbon ndi otchuka kale ku Europe ndi Asia ndipo amapezeka kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mufiriji. Monga mwachizolowezi, United States ili kumbuyo kwa dziko lonse lapansi pankhani ya mafiriji ena ... koma tipatseni nthawi ndipo mudzayamba kuwona ma hydrocarbon akuwonekera kwambiri ku US konse.

 Zitsanzo zina za choziziritsira cha hydrocarbon ndi izi:

 R-290(Propani)

 R-600a(Isobutane)

 R-1150(Etene/Etileni)

 R-1270(Propene/Propylene)

 R-170(Ethane)

 Zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana ndi zosakaniza za zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa.