Zithini iihydrocarbons (iiHCs)

Iihydrocarbon ziikhompawundi ze-organic ezenziwe ngokupheleleyo ziintlobo ezimbini zeeathomu - ikhabhoni kunye nehydrogen. Iihydrocarbon zenzeka ngokwendalo kwaye zakha isiseko seoyile ekrwada, igesi yendalo, amalahle, kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ebalulekileyo. Zitsha kakhulu kwaye zivelisa ikhabhoni diokside, amanzi, kunye nobushushu xa zitshisiwe. Ngenxa yoko, iihydrocarbon zisebenza kakhulu njengomthombo wamafutha. Ngokwesiqhelo, iihydrocarbon ziigesi ezingenambala ezinevumba eliphantsi kakhulu.

 

Ziziphi iintlobo ezine zeehydrocarbons?

Iihydrocarbons zinokuba nezakhiwo ezilula okanye ezintsonkothileyo kwaye ngokubanzi zinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezine, ezizezi ii-alkanes, ii-alkenes, ii-alkynes, kunye nee-hydrocarbons ezinuka kamnandi.

Zithini iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo ii-hydrocarbons?

• Iihydrocarbon ezifana nepropane kunye nebutane zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zamafutha zorhwebo ngohlobo lweLiquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). IBenzene, enye yezona hydrocarbons zilula kakhulu, isebenza njengezinto eziluhlaza zokwenziwa kwamayeza amaninzi okwenziwa.
• Ezi zisetyenziswa njengomthombo wamafutha ovuthayo, umz.: iMethane eyinxalenye yegesi yendalo.
• Ipetroli, ipetroli yejethi kunye ne-naphtha zii-hydrocarbons ze-aliphatic ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
• Iikhompawundi zokuphahla zebhitumen okanye ukwakheka kwendlela kunye nezithinteli zomthi ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeehydrocarbons.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwazo njengezinto ezinkulu ezingezizo amafutha ezifana ne-ethane kunye ne-propane zifumaneka kwi-petroleum kunye negesi yendalo. Ezi gesi zimbini zinokuguqulwa zibe yi-ethylene kunye ne-propylene.
• Ii-hydrocarbon ezikhethekileyo ezifana nomxube we-benzene, i-toluene kunye ne-xylene isomers ziyaziwa kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuphezulu kakhulu.
• Ii-hydrocarbons ezifumaneka ngokwendalo zifumaneka kwiinyosi zaseBrazil ezingenazinyo ezishiya ivumba elikhethekileyo le-hydrocarbon kwaye zinceda ekuchongeni izihlobo kwezingezizo izihlobo.

 

Zithini ii-hydrocarbon refrigerants?

 Iifriji zehydrocarbon zizinto ezaziwa ngokuba 'ziifriji zendalo.' Azinabungozi, azinciphisi i-O-zone, kwaye zinamandla aphantsi kakhulu okufudumala kwehlabathi. Ngaphezu kwako konke, zezinye zezona zifriji zisebenza kakuhle emhlabeni namhlanje.

 Ixesha lokusebenzisa iifriji zegesi ezifakwe i-fluorinated liyaphela kwaye zonke ziya kuncitshiswa kwihlabathi liphela kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo. Iifriji ze-hydrocarbon ziya kuthatha indawo yazo. Iihydrocarbon sele zithandwa kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia kwaye zifumaneka kakhulu zisetyenziswa kwiifriji. Njengesiqhelo, i-United States isemva kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela xa kufikwa kwiifriji ezizezinye... kodwa sinike ixesha kwaye uya kuqala ukubona iihydrocarbons zibonakala ngakumbi nangakumbi kulo lonke elaseMelika.

 Eminye imizekelo ye-hydrocarbon coolant yile ilandelayo:

 R-290(Ipropane)

 R-600a(Isobutane)

 R-1150(I-Ethene/I-Ethylene)

 R-1270(Ipropene/iPropylene)

 R-170(uEthane)

 Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ezingentla.