Kuyambitsa ma thermostats ndi mitundu yawo

Kodi thermostat ndi chiyani?

Thermostat imatanthawuza mndandanda wazinthu zodziwongolera zokha zomwe zimapunduka mkati mwa chosinthira molingana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kwa malo ogwirira ntchito, potero kumatulutsa zina zapadera ndikupanga ma conduction kapena kulumikizidwa. Imatchedwanso chosinthira kutentha, choteteza kutentha, chowongolera kutentha, kapena thermostat mwachidule. Thermostat ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera ndi kusintha kutentha. Kutentha kukafika pamtengo wokhazikitsidwa, mphamvuyo imayatsidwa kapena kuzimitsidwa kuti ikwaniritse zolinga zotenthetsera kapena kuziziziritsa.

 

 

Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya thermostat

nthawi zambiri amayesa kuyesa ndikuwunika kutentha komwe kuli kudzera mu sensa ya kutentha. Pamene kutentha kozungulira kuli kwakukulu kapena kocheperapo kusiyana ndi mtengo wowongolera, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kadzayamba ndi kutulutsa chizindikiro chogwirizana kuti chikwaniritse kutentha ndi kulamulira. Ma thermostat ena alinso ndi ma alarm opitilira malire. Kutentha kukadutsa mtengo wa alamu wokhazikitsidwa, phokoso la alamu kapena chizindikiro chowunikira chidzatulutsidwa kukumbutsa wogwiritsa ntchito kuti agwire nthawi yake.

Ma thermostats ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafuna kutentha kapena kuzizira, monga mavuni amagetsi, mafiriji, ma air conditioners, etc. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma thermostats angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana a mafakitale, monga mafakitale a mankhwala, mankhwala, kukonza chakudya, etc.

Posankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito thermostat, muyenera kuganizira zinthu monga mawonekedwe a chinthu cholamulidwa, malo ogwiritsira ntchito, zofunikira zolondola, ndi zina zotero, ndi kupanga zosankha ndi kusintha malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, muyeneranso kumvetsera kukonza ndi kukonza, ndikuyang'ana nthawi zonse kulondola ndi kukhudzidwa kwa sensa kuti muwonetsetse kuti thermostat ikugwira ntchito bwino.

 

Gulu la Thermostat

Ma thermostats amatha kugawidwa molingana ndi ntchito zawo, makamaka kuphatikiza magulu awa:

 

 

Thermostat yamakina

Thermostat yamakina imagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira kuyeza ndikuwongolera kutentha. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta zapakhomo monga zotenthetsera, zoziziritsira mpweya komanso zowongolera mpweya. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito molumikizana ndi machitidwe ena kupanga makina ovuta owongolera okha. Ubwino wake ndi wotsika mtengo komanso wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Zoyipa zake ndizochepa zolondola, zosintha zochepa komanso ntchito yovuta.

 

 

Electronic thermostat

Electronic thermostat imagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi poyezera kutentha ndi kuwongolera kusintha. Ili ndi mawonekedwe olondola kwambiri, okhudzidwa, ntchito zamphamvu, komanso ntchito yosavuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mafakitale apamwamba, malonda ndi zipangizo zapakhomo. Njira zosinthira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo PID algorithm, pulse wide modulation PWM, zero-point proportional adjustment ZPH ndi kuwongolera movutikira, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimatha kukwaniritsa kuwongolera kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kupulumutsa mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito. Digital thermostat ndi chowongolera kutentha kwa PID ndi ntchito yomwe imapezeka potengera thermostat yamagetsi.

 

 

Digital thermostat

Digital thermostat ndi chipangizo chowongolera kutentha chomwe chimagwirizanitsa mawonedwe a digito ndi chowongolera cha digito, chomwe chingasonyeze mtengo wamakono wa kutentha ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa kutentha, ndipo ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito mabatani ndi njira zina. Ili ndi kulondola kwakukulu, kudalirika kwabwino komanso ntchito yosavuta. Dera lake lopangidwa ndi lofanana ndi electronic thermostat. Ndizoyenera nthawi zomwe kusintha kwa kutentha kumafunikira, monga ma laboratories, zida zamagetsi, ndi zina.

PID wowongolera kutentha

 

Poyang'anira ndondomeko, wolamulira wa PID (womwe amatchedwanso PID regulator) yemwe amalamulira molingana ndi gawo (P), chophatikizika (I) ndi kusiyana (D) chapatuko ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Woyang'anira PID amagwiritsa ntchito gawo, chophatikizika, ndi masiyanidwe kuti awerengere kuchuluka kwa zowongolera kutengera cholakwika cha dongosolo pakuwongolera. Pamene mapangidwe ndi magawo a chinthu cholamulidwa sichikhoza kumvetsetsedwa bwino, kapena chitsanzo cholondola cha masamu sichingapezeke, kapena njira zina zoyendetsera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kake Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wowongolera wa PID ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito PID control algorithm pakuwongolera kutentha, ili ndi kuwongolera kwakukulu komanso kukhazikika. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazamankhwala, kukonza zakudya, sayansi ya moyo ndi zochitika zina zomwe zimafuna kulondola kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yayitali, olamulira a PID akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito zasayansi ndi luso komanso ogwira ntchito m'munda, ndipo apeza zambiri.

 

Kuphatikiza apo, malingana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito, ma thermostats ali ndi njira zina zogawira, monga mtundu wa kutentha kwa chipinda, mtundu wa kutentha kwapansi ndi kutentha kwapawiri malinga ndi njira yodziwira; malinga ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, amagawidwa mu mtundu wamba woyimba, mtundu wa batani wamba, mtundu wa LCD wa Intelligent Intelligent, etc. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma thermostats ili ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana ndi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni.