Kufotokozera za ma thermostat ndi mitundu yawo

Kodi thermostat ndi chiyani?

Thermostat imatanthauza zinthu zingapo zowongolera zokha zomwe zimasinthasintha mkati mwa switch malinga ndi kusintha kwa kutentha komwe kumachitika pamalo ogwirira ntchito, motero zimapangitsa zotsatira zina zapadera ndikupanga zochita zoyendetsera kapena zochotsa. Imatchedwanso switch yowongolera kutentha, choteteza kutentha, chowongolera kutentha, kapena thermostat mwachidule. Thermostat ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera ndikusintha kutentha. Kutentha kukafika pamtengo wokhazikika, magetsi amayatsidwa kapena kuzimitsidwa okha kuti akwaniritse zolinga zotenthetsera kapena kuziziritsa.

 

 

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya thermostat

Kawirikawiri ndi kuyesa ndi kuyang'anira kutentha kwa malo ozungulira pogwiritsa ntchito sensa ya kutentha. Kutentha kwa malo ozungulira kuli kokwera kapena kotsika kuposa mtengo wolamulira wokhazikitsidwa, dera lowongolera limayamba ndi kutulutsa chizindikiro chowongolera chogwirizana kuti likwaniritse malamulo ndi kuwongolera kutentha. Ma thermostat ena alinso ndi ntchito ya alamu yopitirira malire. Kutentha kukapitirira mtengo wokhazikitsidwa, phokoso la alamu kapena chizindikiro cha kuwala chidzatulutsidwa kuti chikumbutse wogwiritsa ntchito kuti azitha kuchigwira bwino nthawi yake.

Ma thermostat ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafuna kutentha kapena kuziziritsa, monga ma uvuni amagetsi, mafiriji, ma air conditioner, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi yomweyo, ma thermostat angagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana amafakitale, monga makampani opanga mankhwala, mankhwala, kukonza chakudya, ndi zina zotero, kuti athe kuwongolera kutentha bwino panthawi yopanga.

Mukasankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito thermostat, muyenera kuganizira zinthu monga makhalidwe a chinthu chomwe chikulamulidwa, malo ogwiritsira ntchito, zofunikira pa kulondola, ndi zina zotero, ndikupanga zisankho ndi kusintha kutengera momwe zinthu zilili. Nthawi yomweyo, mukamagwiritsa ntchito, muyeneranso kuyang'anira kukonza ndi kukonza, ndikuwunikanso nthawi zonse kulondola ndi kukhudzidwa kwa sensa kuti muwonetsetse kuti thermostat ikugwira ntchito bwino.

 

Kugawa kwa Thermostat

Ma thermostat amatha kugawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi ntchito zawo, makamaka kuphatikiza magulu otsatirawa:

 

 

Chotenthetsera cha makina

Thermostat yamakina imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka makina poyesa ndikuwongolera kutentha. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zapakhomo zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta monga kutentha, mpweya woziziritsa ndi mpweya woziziritsa. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito limodzi ndi machitidwe ena kuti ipange machitidwe ovuta owongolera okha. Ubwino wake ndi wotsika mtengo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kosavuta. Zoyipa zake ndi kulondola kochepa, kusintha kochepa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kosavuta.

 

 

Chotenthetsera chamagetsi

Thermostat yamagetsi imagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi poyesa kutentha ndikuwongolera kusintha. Ili ndi mawonekedwe olondola kwambiri, kukhudzidwa, ntchito zamphamvu, komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mafakitale apamwamba, amalonda komanso apakhomo. Njira zodziwika bwino zosinthira zimaphatikizapo algorithm ya PID, pulse width modulation PWM, zero-point proportional adjustment ZPH ndi fuzzy control, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimatha kukwaniritsa kuwongolera kutentha kolondola kwambiri komanso kusunga mphamvu komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito. Thermostat ya digito ndi chowongolera kutentha cha PID ndi ntchito yomwe yapezeka potengera thermostat yamagetsi.

 

 

Chotenthetsera cha digito

Thermostat ya digito ndi chipangizo chowongolera kutentha chomwe chimaphatikiza chiwonetsero cha digito ndi chowongolera cha digito, chomwe chingawonetse kutentha komwe kulipo komanso kutentha komwe kwayikidwa, ndipo chingakhazikitsidwe pamanja kudzera m'mabatani ndi njira zina. Ili ndi kulondola kwambiri, kudalirika bwino komanso kugwira ntchito kosavuta. Dongosolo lake lomangidwa mkati limafanana ndi thermostat yamagetsi. Ndi yoyenera nthawi zomwe kutentha kumafunika kusintha pafupipafupi, monga ma laboratories, zida zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero.

Chowongolera kutentha kwa PID

 

Mu ulamuliro wa njira, chowongolera cha PID (chomwe chimatchedwanso PID regulator) chomwe chimalamulira malinga ndi gawo (P), integral (I) ndi differential (D) ya kupotoka ndiye chowongolera chodziwikiratu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chowongolera cha PID chimagwiritsa ntchito gawo, integral, ndi differential kuti chiwerengere kuchuluka kwa ulamuliro kutengera cholakwika cha dongosolo la ulamuliro. Pamene kapangidwe ndi magawo a chinthu cholamulidwa sichingathe kumvetsedwa bwino, kapena chitsanzo cholondola cha masamu sichingapezeke, kapena njira zina za chiphunzitso cha ulamuliro zili zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kapangidwe ndi magawo a chowongolera dongosolo ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe zachitika komanso kukonza zolakwika pamalopo. Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wowongolera wa PID wogwiritsa ntchito ndiye wosavuta kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowongolera PID yowongolera kutentha, imakhala ndi kulondola kwakukulu komanso kukhazikika. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala, kukonza chakudya, sayansi ya moyo ndi zochitika zina zomwe zimafuna kulondola kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yayitali, owongolera a PID akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri asayansi ndi aukadaulo komanso ogwira ntchito m'munda, ndipo apeza zambiri.

 

Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsidwa ntchito, ma thermostat ali ndi njira zina zogawa, monga mtundu wa kutentha kwa chipinda, mtundu wa kutentha pansi ndi mtundu wa kutentha kawiri malinga ndi njira yodziwira; malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wamba woyimba, mtundu wamba wa batani, mtundu wapamwamba wa LCD wa mapulogalamu anzeru, ndi zina zotero. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma thermostat ili ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni.