Ayini ama-hydrocarbon (HCs)

Ama-hydrocarbon ayizinto eziphilayo ezakhiwe ngokuphelele ngezinhlobo ezimbili zama-athomu - ikhabhoni ne-hydrogen. Ama-hydrocarbon avela ngokwemvelo futhi akha isisekelo samafutha aluhlaza, igesi yemvelo, amalahle, kanye neminye imithombo yamandla ebalulekile. Avutha kakhulu futhi akhiqiza i-carbon dioxide, amanzi, kanye nokushisa uma eshiswa. Ngakho-ke, ama-hydrocarbon asebenza kahle kakhulu njengomthombo wamafutha. Ngokuvamile, ama-hydrocarbon ayigesi angenambala anephunga elibuthakathaka kakhulu.

 

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezine zama-hydrocarbon?

Ama-hydrocarbon angaba nezakhiwo ezilula noma eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine, okungukuthi ama-alkanes, ama-alkenes, ama-alkynes, nama-hydrocarbon anuka kamnandi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokusebenzisa ama-hydrocarbon?

• Ama-hydrocarbon afana ne-propane ne-butane asetshenziselwa izinjongo zikaphethiloli wezentengiselwano ngesimo se-Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). I-Benzene, enye yama-hydrocarbon anuka kamnandi alula, isebenza njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenziwa kwemithi eminingi yokwenziwa.
• Lezi zisetshenziswa njengomthombo kaphethiloli ovuthayo, isib: i-Methane eyingxenye yegesi yemvelo.
• Uphethiloli, uphethiloli wejethi kanye ne-naphtha yi-aliphatic hydrocarbons esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukene.
• Izinhlanganisela zokufulela nge-bitumen noma ukwakheka kwe-pavement kanye nezilondolozi zokhuni kuyizinhlobo ezahlukene zama-hydrocarbon.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwazo njengezinto ezingezona uphethiloli ezinkulu njenge-ethane ne-propane kutholakala kuphethiloli kanye negesi yemvelo. La magesi amabili angaguqulwa abe yi-ethylene kanye ne-propylene.
• Ama-hydrocarbon akhethekile anjengengxube ye-benzene, i-toluene kanye ne-xylene isomers ayaziwa futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuphezulu kakhulu.
• Ama-hydrocarbon atholakala ngokwemvelo ezinyosini zaseBrazil ezingenazintiyo ashiya iphunga elihlukile le-hydrocarbon futhi asiza ekunqumeni izihlobo ezingezona izihlobo.

 

Ziyini iziqandisi ze-hydrocarbon?

 Ama-refrigerant e-hydrocarbon yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi 'ama-refrigerant emvelo.' Awanabo ubuthi, awanciphisi i-O-zone, futhi anamandla aphansi kakhulu okufudumala komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, angenye yama-refrigerant asebenzisa amandla kahle kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla.

 Isikhathi sama-refrigerant egesi afakwe i-fluorinated siyaphela futhi azosuswa ngokuphelele emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Ama-refrigerant e-hydrocarbon azothatha indawo yawo. Ama-hydrocarbon asevele ethandwa kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia futhi atholakala kakhulu esetshenziswa eziqandisini. Njengokujwayelekile, i-United States isalele emuva emhlabeni wonke uma kukhulunywa ngama-refrigerant ahlukile… kodwa sinike isikhathi uzoqala ukubona ama-hydrocarbon ebonakala kakhulu kulo lonke elase-US.

 Ezinye izibonelo ze-hydrocarbon coolant yilezi ezilandelayo:

 R-290(I-Propane)

 R-600a(Isobutane)

 R-1150(I-Ethene/I-Ethylene)

 R-1270(I-Propene/i-Propylene)

 R-170(Ethane)

 Izingxube ezahlukahlukene kanye nezingxube zemikhiqizo engenhla.