Menene hydrocarbons (HCs)

Hydrocarbons sune mahadi na halitta waɗanda gaba ɗaya sun ƙunshi nau'ikan atom guda biyu kawai - carbon da hydrogen. Hydrocarbons suna faruwa ta dabi'a kuma suna zama tushen danyen mai, iskar gas, kwal, da sauran mahimman hanyoyin makamashi. Suna da zafi sosai kuma suna samar da carbon dioxide, ruwa, da zafi lokacin da aka ƙone su. Saboda haka, hydrocarbons suna da tasiri sosai a matsayin tushen man fetur. Yawanci, hydrocarbons iskar gas ne marasa launi waɗanda ke da ƙamshi mai rauni sosai.

 

Menene nau'ikan hydrocarbons guda huɗu?

Hydrocarbons na iya fasalta sifofi masu sauƙi ko ƙaƙƙarfan tsari kuma ana iya rarraba su gabaɗaya zuwa sassa huɗu, wato alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, da hydrocarbons masu kamshi.

Menene aikace-aikacen hydrocarbons?

• Hydrocarbons irin su propane da butane ana amfani da su don kasuwanci na man fetur a cikin nau'i na Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). Benzene, ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi na hydrocarbons na kamshi, yana aiki a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa don haɗar magungunan da yawa.
• Ana amfani da waɗannan azaman tushen mai mai ƙonewa, misali: Methane wanda shine ɓangaren iskar gas.
• Man fetur, man jet da naphtha sune hydrocarbons aliphatic waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a masana'antu daban-daban.
• Rufaffiyar mahadi bitumen ko na pavement abun da ke ciki da itace preservatives ne iri-iri na hydrocarbons.
• Aikace-aikacen su a matsayin manyan sikelin marasa mai kamar ethane da propane ana samun su daga man fetur da iskar gas. Wadannan gas guda biyu za a iya ƙara su zama ethylene da propylene.
• Hydrocarbons na musamman kamar cakuda benzene, toluene da isomers xylene an san su kuma yawan amfanin su yana da yawa.
• Ana samun sinadarin hydrocarbons na halitta a cikin ƙudan zuma na Brazil marasa ƙarfi waɗanda ke barin ƙamshi na musamman na hydrocarbon kuma suna taimakawa wajen tantance dangi daga waɗanda ba dangi ba.

 

Menene refrigerants na hydrocarbon?

 Hydrocarbon refrigerants su ne abin da aka sani da 'natural refrigerants'. Ba su da guba, ba yankin O-zone ba ne, kuma suna da ƙarancin yuwuwar dumamar yanayi. Sama da duka suna ɗaya daga cikin na'urori masu ƙarfin kuzari a duniya a yau.

 Lokaci kan na'urorin sanyaya iskar gas yana zuwa ƙarshe kuma za a kawar da su a duk faɗin duniya cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa. Na'urar sanyaya wutar lantarki za ta maye gurbinsu. Hydrocarbons sun riga sun shahara a duk faɗin Turai da Asiya kuma galibi ana samun su ana amfani da su a aikace-aikacen firiji. Kamar yadda aka saba, Amurka tana baya bayan sauran duniya idan aka zo batun madadin firji… amma ku ba mu lokaci kuma za ku fara ganin abubuwan da ake kira hydrocarbons suna ƙara bayyana a duk faɗin Amurka.

 Wasu misalan hydrocarbon coolant sune kamar haka:

 R-290(Propane)

 R-600 a(Isobutane)

 R-1150(Ethene/Ethylene)

 Saukewa: R-1270(Propene/Propylene)

 R-170(Ethane)

 Haɗuwa daban-daban da gaurayawan samfuran da ke sama.