Mai ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka Ozone Hole a hiki i ka Montreal Protocol

 

 

 

Ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka lua ozone o Antarctic

Mālama ka papa ozone i nā kānaka a me ke kaiapuni mai nā pae ʻino o ka radiation ultraviolet mai ka lā. ʻO nā kemika i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mea hoʻopau ozone (ODS) i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka lewa me ka hoʻomalu ʻole ʻia ma mua; ʻO kēlā mau kemika e hōʻino i ka papa ozone stratospheric. I Mei 1985, i ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka puke pai Nature British Antarctic Survey (BAS) ua wehewehe nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner lāua ʻo Jonathan Shanklin i kā lākou nānā ʻana i nā pohō nui o ka ozone ma luna o Antarctica. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana o ka lua ozone Antarctic e BAS i hāʻawi i kahi ʻōlelo aʻo mua no ka lahilahi weliweli o ka papa ozone ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

ʻAha Kūkākūkā o Vienna, he mea e hoʻomaka ai i ke Kuʻikahi Montreal

I ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ua kuhikuhi nā haʻawina ʻepekema i ka pilikia e kū mai ana a me kona hopena o ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ozone. Ke kāhea ʻia nei nā hana no nā makahiki he nui. I ka makahiki 1985, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer ma ke ʻano he pane. ʻO ka Vienna Convention ka ʻaha kūkā mua o kēlā me kēia ʻano i kau inoa ʻia e kēlā me kēia ʻāina i komo, i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1988 a hiki i ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ka makahiki 2009.
ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka ʻAha Kūkākūkā ke hoʻolaha i ka laulima ma waena o nā lāhui ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hopena o nā hana a kānaka ma ka papa ozone. Akā, no ka mea, ʻaʻole paʻa ke ʻaha kūkā i ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole koi ke ʻaha kūkā o Vienna i nā ʻāina e hana i nā hana kaohi e pale i ka papa ozone. Ua hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana ʻo Montreal i ka makahiki 1987 e hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia.

He aha ka Montreal Protocol?

Ua kau inoa ʻia ka Montreal Protocol i ka makahiki 1987 a ua hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1989. I ka wā mua, ua kau inoa ʻia e 46 mau ʻāina, ua kokoke i 200 mau mea kau inoa o ke kuʻikahi. ʻO ka Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer he ʻaelike honua ia e pale i ka papa ozone o ka Honua ma ka hoʻopau iki ʻana i nā kemika e hoʻopau ana iā ia. He kuʻikahi honua ka Montreal Protocol e hoʻoponopono ana i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i kahi kokoke i 100 mau kemika i hana ʻia e ke kanaka i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mea hoʻopau ozone (ODS).

He aha ka ʻōlelo a ke Kūlana Kūʻē o Montreal?

Hoʻemi mālie ka Montreal Protocol i ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o nā ODS like ʻole ma ke ʻano ʻanuʻu, me nā papa manawa like ʻole no nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia a me nā ʻāina e ulu ana (i kapa ʻia ʻo "Article 5 countries"). Ma lalo o kēia kuʻikahi, loaʻa i nā ʻaoʻao āpau nā kuleana kikoʻī e pili ana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā hui like ʻole o ODS, ka kaohi ʻana i ke kālepa ODS, ka hōʻike makahiki o ka ʻikepili, nā ʻōnaehana laikini aupuni e kaohi i nā lawe mai a me nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku o ODS, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa i nā ʻāina e ulu ana a me nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia nā kuleana like akā ʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, loaʻa i nā hui ʻelua o nā ʻāina nā kuleana paʻa, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka manawa a me ke ana ʻia.

Nā mea i kāohi ʻia ma lalo o ke Kauoha Montreal

Nā Pākuʻi A (CFC, halons)
Nā Pākuʻi B (nā CFC halogenated piha ʻē aʻe, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform)
Nā Pākuʻi C (HCFCs)
Nā Pākuʻi E (methyl bromide)
Nā Pākuʻi F (HFCs)

Ua kākoʻo ʻia ke Kaʻina Hana o Montreal e ka ʻOzone Secretariat o ka UN Environment Programme

Hoʻololi ka kuʻikahi i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa ma muli o nā hoʻomohala ʻepekema, loea a me ka hoʻokele waiwai hou, a ke hoʻomau nei ia i ka hoʻololi a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana. ʻO ka Hālāwai o nā ʻAoʻao ke kino hoʻomalu no ke kuʻikahi, me ke kākoʻo loea i hāʻawi ʻia e kahi Pūʻulu Hana Hāmama, nā mea ʻelua e hui pū ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Kōkua ʻia nā ʻAoʻao e ka Ozone Secretariat, aia ma ke keʻena nui o ka UN Environment Programme ma Nairobi, Kenya.