Mai i te Kitenga o te Pū Ozone ki te Kawa o Montreal

 

 

 

Te kitenga o te Pū Ozone o Antarctic

Ka tiakina e te paparanga ozone te tangata me te taiao mai i ngā taumata kino o te hihi ultraviolet mai i te rā. Ko ngā matū e kiia ana ko ngā matū whakangaro ozone (ODS) ka tukuna ki te āhuarangi i mua i te kore e taea te whakahaere; ka kino aua matū ki te paparanga ozone stratospheric. I te marama o Mei 1985, i roto i te puka Nature British Antarctic Survey (BAS), i whakaahuahia e ngā kaipūtaiao a Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner me Jonathan Shanklin tā rātou kitenga i ngā ngaronga nui o te ozone i runga i a Antarctica. Ko te kitenga o te kōhao ozone o Antarctica e BAS i whakarato i tētahi whakatūpato wawe mō te angiangi kino pea o te paparanga ozone puta noa i te ao.

Te Kawenata o Vienna, he Kawa Whakataki ki Montreal

I te whanaketanga o te hangarau, i tohuhia e ngā rangahau pūtaiao te raruraru e puta ake ana me ōna pānga o te whakahekenga o te ozone. Kei te karangahia ngā mahi mō ngā tau maha. I te tau 1985, i hangaia te Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Apa hei whakautu. Ko te Vienna Convention te tuatahi o ngā momo huihuinga i hainatia e ngā whenua katoa e whai wāhi ana, i whai mana i te tau 1988, ā, i tae ki te whakamanatanga whānui i te tau 2009.
Ko te whāinga o te Kawenata he whakatairanga i te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā iwi mā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō ngā pānga o ngā mahi a te tangata ki te paparanga ozone. Engari nā te mea kāore te kawenata i te herenga ture, kāore te kawenata o Vienna e whakahau i ngā whenua kia mahi i ngā mahi whakahaere hei tiaki i te paparanga ozone. I whakatūria te kawa o Montreal i te tau 1987 hei whakatika i tēnei take.

He aha te Kawa o Montreal?

I hainatia te Kawa o Montreal i te tau 1987, ā, i tīmata te mana i te tau 1989. I hainatia tuatahitia e ngā whenua e 46, ā, kua tata ki te 200 ngā kaihaina o te tiriti ināianei. Ko te Kawa o Montreal mō ngā Matū e Whakaiti ana i te Apa Ozone he whakaaetanga ā-ao hei tiaki i te apa ozone o te Ao mā te whakakore i ngā matū e whakaiti ana i a ia. Ko te Kawa o Montreal he tiriti ā-ao e whakahaere ana i te hanga me te kai o tata ki te 100 ngā matū i hangaia e te tangata e kiia nei ko ngā matū whakaiti ozone (ODS).

He aha te kōrero a te Montreal Protocol?

Ka whakaitihia e te Kawa o Montreal te whakamahinga me te hanga o ngā ODS rerekē i roto i tētahi huarahi ā-taahiraa, me ngā wātaka rerekē mō ngā whenua whakawhanake me ngā whenua whakawhanake (e kiia nei ko ngā "whenua o te Tuhinga 5"). I raro i tēnei tiriti, he kawenga motuhake ā ngā rōpū katoa e pā ana ki te whakakorenga o ngā rōpū rerekē o te ODS, te whakahaere i te hokohoko ODS, te pūrongo ā-tau o ngā raraunga, ngā pūnaha raihana ā-motu hei whakahaere i ngā kawemai me ngā kaweake ODS, me ētahi atu take. He ōrite engari he rerekē ngā kawenga o ngā whenua whakawhanake me ngā whenua whakawhanake, engari ko te mea nui, he herenga here, he wā-whaitake, he ine hoki ā ngā rōpū whenua e rua.

Ngā matū e whakahaeretia ana i raro i te Kawa o Montreal

Tāpiritanga A (CFC, halon)
Tāpiritanga B (ētahi atu CFC kua whakakāhoretia katoatia, te waro tetrachloride, te methyl chloroform)
Tāpiritanga C (HCFC)
Āpitihanga E (metil pūramuira)
Ngā Tāpiritanga F (Ngā HFC)

E tautokona ana te Kawa o Montreal e te Hēkeretari Ozone o te Kaupapa Taiao o te UN

Ka whanake haere te tiriti i roto i te wā i runga i ngā whanaketanga pūtaiao, hangarau me te ōhanga hou, ā, kei te haere tonu te whakatikatika me te whakarerekē. Ko te Hui o ngā Rōpū te tinana whakahaere mō te tiriti, me te tautoko hangarau e whakaratohia ana e tētahi Rōpū Mahi Tuwhera, e hui tahi ana i ia tau. Ka āwhinahia ngā Rōpū e te Hekeretari Ozone, kei te tari matua o te UN Environment Programme i Nairobi, Kenya.