Daga Gano Ramin Ozone zuwa Yarjejeniyar Montreal

 

 

 

Gano Hole na Ozone na Antarctic

Layer na Ozone yana kare mutane da muhalli daga mummunan tasirin hasken ultraviolet daga rana. Sinadaran da aka sani da abubuwan da ke lalata ozone (ODS) da aka saki zuwa sararin samaniya ba tare da tsari ba a da; Waɗannan sinadarai suna lalata Layer na ozone na stratospheric. A watan Mayu na 1985, wani rahoto a cikin mujallar Nature British Antarctic Survey (BAS) masana kimiyya Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner da Jonathan Shanklin sun bayyana lura da asarar ozone mai yawa a kan Antarctica. Gano ramin ozone na Antarctic ta BAS ya ba da gargaɗin farko game da raguwar Layer na ozone mai haɗari a duk duniya.

Yarjejeniyar Vienna, Yarjejeniyar Shiga Montreal

Yayin da fasaha ke ci gaba, binciken kimiyya ya nuna matsalar da ke tasowa da kuma tasirinta na raguwar iskar ozone. Ana kiran ayyuka na tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1985, an ƙirƙiri Yarjejeniyar Vienna don Kare Tsarin Ozone don mayar da martani. Yarjejeniyar Vienna ita ce yarjejeniya ta farko ta kowace irin yarjejeniya da kowace ƙasa da abin ya shafa ta sanya hannu, wadda ta fara aiki a shekarar 1988 kuma ta cimma amincewa ta duniya baki ɗaya a shekarar 2009.
Yarjejeniyar ta yi nufin haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙasashe ta hanyar musayar bayanai kan tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam akan layin ozone. Amma saboda yarjejeniyar ba ta da wani tasiri a doka, yarjejeniyar Vienna ba ta buƙatar ƙasashe su ɗauki matakan kariya don kare layin ozone. An fara aiwatar da yarjejeniyar Montreal a shekarar 1987 don magance wannan batu.

Menene Yarjejeniyar Montreal?

An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Montreal a shekarar 1987 kuma ta fara aiki a shekarar 1989. Da farko ƙasashe 46 ne suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, yanzu haka tana da kusan mutane 200 da suka sanya hannu. Yarjejeniyar Montreal kan Abubuwan da ke Rage Tsarin Ozone yarjejeniya ce ta duniya don kare layin ozone na Duniya ta hanyar kawar da sinadarai da ke lalata shi. Yarjejeniyar Montreal yarjejeniya ce ta duniya wacce ke tsara samarwa da amfani da kusan sinadarai 100 da ɗan adam ya yi wanda ake kira da abubuwan da ke rage sinadarin ozone (ODS).

Me Yarjejeniyar Montreal ta ce?

Yarjejeniyar Montreal ta rage yawan amfani da samar da ODS daban-daban ta hanyar matakai, tare da jadawalin lokaci daban-daban ga ƙasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa (wanda ake kira "Ƙasashe na Mataki na 5"). A ƙarƙashin wannan yarjejeniya, dukkan ɓangarorin suna da takamaiman nauyi da suka shafi matakin fita daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ODS, kula da cinikin ODS, rahoton bayanai na shekara-shekara, tsarin lasisi na ƙasa don sarrafa shigo da kaya da fitarwa na ODS, da sauran batutuwa. Ƙasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa suna da nauyi iri ɗaya amma daban-daban, amma mafi mahimmanci, ƙungiyoyin ƙasashe biyu suna da alƙawarin da suka dace, waɗanda aka tsara lokaci da kuma waɗanda za a iya aunawa.

Abubuwan da ake sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Montreal

Annexes A (CFCs, halons)
Annexes B (sauran CFCs masu cikakken halogenated, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform)
Annexes C (HCFCs)
Annexes E (methyl bromide)
Karin Bayani na F (HFCs)

Sakataren Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya goyi bayan yarjejeniyar Montreal

Yarjejeniyar tana ci gaba da bunkasa a tsawon lokaci dangane da sabbin ci gaban kimiyya, fasaha da tattalin arziki, kuma ana ci gaba da gyara ta da kuma daidaita ta. Taro na Bangarorin shine hukumar da ke kula da yarjejeniyar, tare da tallafin fasaha daga wata kungiyar aiki mai budewa, wacce dukkansu ke haduwa a kowace shekara. Sakatariyar Ozone, wacce ke hedikwatar Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke Nairobi, Kenya, tana taimaka wa Bangarorin.