Ho Tloha ho Sibolloa ha Lesoba la Ozone ho ea ho Protocol ea Montreal

 

 

 

Ho sibolloa ha Antarctic Ozone Hole

Ozone layer e sireletsa batho le tikoloho ho tloha maemong a kotsi a mahlaseli a kotsi a tsoang letsatsing. Lik'hemik'hale tse bitsoang "ozone depleting substances" (ODS) tse lokolletsoeng sepakapakeng ka mokhoa o sa laoleheng pele; Lik'hemik'hale tseo li senya lera la ozone la stratospheric. Ka May 1985, ha ba tlaleha makasineng ea Nature British Antarctic Survey (BAS) bo-rasaense Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner le Jonathan Shanklin ba ile ba hlalosa tlhokomeliso ea bona ea tahlehelo e khōlō ea ozone holim’a Antarctica. Ho sibolloa ha lesoba la ozone la Antarctic ke BAS ho fane ka temoso ea pele ea ho fokotseha ho ka bang kotsi ha lera la ozone lefatšeng ka bophara.

Kopano ea Vienna, Protocol ea Usher to Montreal

Ha theknoloji e ntse e tsoela pele, lithuto tsa mahlale li ile tsa supa bothata bo hlahang le litlamorao tsa bona tsa ho putlama ha ozone. Liketso li bitsoa lilemo tse telele. Ka 1985, Tumellano ea Vienna ea Tšireletso ea Ozone Layer e ile ea thehoa ho arabela. Kopano ea Vienna e bile kopano ea pele ea mofuta ofe kapa ofe ho saenoa ke naha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e amehang, e qalileng ho sebetsa ka 1988 le ho fihlela tumello ea bokahohle ka 2009.
Tumellano ena e ne e rerile ho khothalletsa tšebelisano har’a lichaba ka ho fapanyetsana tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le liphello tsa mesebetsi ea batho sebakeng sa ozone. Empa kaha kopano ha e tlame ka molao, kopano ea Vienna ha e hloke hore linaha li nke mehato ea ho laola ho sireletsa lera la ozone. Protocol ea Montreal e ile ea kenella ka 1987 ho rarolla bothata bona.

Montreal Protocol ke eng?

Tumellano ea Montreal e saennoe ka 1987 'me ea qala ho sebetsa ka 1989. E ne e saennoe qalong ke linaha tse 46, joale selekane sena se na le ba ka bang 200 ba saenneng. Porothokhole ea Montreal mabapi le Lintho tse Senyang Lera la Ozone ke tumellano ea lefatše lohle ea ho sireletsa lera la ozone la Lefatše ka ho felisa lik'hemik'hale tse le felisang. Montreal Protocol ke selekane sa lefatshe lohle se laolang tlhahiso le tshebediso ya dikhemikhale tse ka bang 100 tse entsweng ke motho tse bitswang dintho tse senyang ozone (ODS).

Montreal Protocol e re'ng?

Porothokhole ea Montreal e theola tšebeliso le tlhahiso ea ODS e fapaneng ka mokhoa o bohlale, ka linako tse fapaneng bakeng sa linaha tse tsoetseng pele le tse tsoelang pele (tse bitsoang "Linaha tsa Karolo ea 5"). Tlas'a selekane sena, mekha eohle e na le boikarabelo bo khethehileng bo amanang le karolo ea ho tsoa ho lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa ODS, taolo ea khoebo ea ODS, tlaleho ea selemo le selemo ea data, mekhoa ea naha ea ho fana ka tumello ea ho laola thepa le thepa ea ODS, le litaba tse ling. Linaha tse tsoelang pele le tse tsoetseng pele li na le boikarabelo bo lekanang empa bo fapane, empa habohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, lihlopha ka bobeli tsa linaha li na le boitlamo bo tlamang, bo reretsoeng nako le boitlamo bo lekantsoeng.

Lintho tse laoloang tlas'a Montreal Protocol

Annexes A (CFCs, halons)
Annexes B (li-CFC tse ling tse nang le halogened ka ho feletseng, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform)
Annexes C (HCFCs)
Annexes E (methyl bromide)
Annexes F (HFCs)

Porothokhole ea Montreal e Tšehetsoa ke Bongoli ba Ozone ba Lenaneo la Tikoloho la UN

Tumellano e fetoha ha nako e ntse e ea ho latela tsoelopele e ncha ea saense, tekheniki le moruo, 'me e ntse e tsoela pele ho lokisoa le ho lokisoa. Kopano ea Mekha ke mokhatlo oa taolo oa selekane, ka tšehetso ea tekheniki e fanoang ke Sehlopha sa Ts'ebetso sa Open-ended, tseo ka bobeli li kopanang selemo le selemo. Mekha e thusoa ke Bongoli ba Ozone, e leng ntlo-kholo ea Lenaneo la Tikoloho la UN Nairobi, Kenya.